HIS 342 question set 3 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HIS 342 question set 3 - Research Proposal Example Left with this dilemma, the masses opted for an authoritarian stagnation that seems so tenacious and powerful because of the domination of the terrorist elements over the scope for any revolution or an alternative arrangement. The 1956 Suez Crisis was an important event in the Cold War era that revealed the chinks in the allied solidarity. The genesis of this crisis lied in the French and the British dominion over one of the world's most important and lucrative sea route that is the Suez Canal that happened to pass through the Egyptian territory (Trueman, 2008). The nationalization of this canal by Nasser in 1956 immensely innervated the British and the French. The US disapproval of the British and the French invasion of Egypt greatly benefitted the USSR, who got access to the much coveted alternative sea route besides the Bosporus that was closely monitored by the allies' intelligence. The other major gainer in this crisis was Israel who crossed over the Gaza Strip and Sinai Desert and gained access to the Straits of Tiran. After the withdrawal of the Super Power sponsors owing to the end of the Cold War and the dilution of the Arab-Israel conflict, it became imperative for the military regimes in the Middle East to chalk out policies that bolstered the cohesion amongst the various constituent elements of the state. The main crux of such policies lied in securing an alliance between the political and economic centres of power (Glenn, 1998). This included an outright domination over the political power through multiple security apparatuses and over the economic power through securing alliances with the local, elitist vested interests. This gave an opportunity to the other totalitarian regimes in the region like Iran and Saudi Arabia to tighten their grip over power by professing themselves to be the custodians of Islamic values in the region. Effect of Oil The discovery of oil in the Middle East changed many countries from being pauper states relying on the international aid for sustenance to being oil rich regimes (Britannica). This assured the countries lying in this region, an uninterrupted access to immense wealth on a continuous basis. The new found oil wealth unleashed an unprecedented and enormous expansion of health facilities, employment opportunities and government services. The quality of life of the people certainly improved with a better access to housing owing to a boom in the construction projects. At a political level, this enhanced the status and clout of these regimes in the international arena. However, this improvement in the economic standards and quality of life failed to accomplish a commensurate revolution in the social and cultural parameters like the women rights and democratic values. Besides, the oil wealth left the totalitarian and military regimes in the region with more then ample resources to tighten th eir

Methodology Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Methodology - Dissertation Example I will use the gatekeeping theory from mass communication in this dissertation. The news, articles and editorials published during the period of February 14 till March 16, 2011 in the above two Saudi news papers will be searched out, read and analyzed to see how the Bahrain news was handled by the Saudi press. Thorough interviews will be conducted with the news handlers at each of the newspapers, with pertinent questions including the criteria for selecting the news, the sources from which they collect it, what kind of news they prefer to publish and whether or not the selection criteria have changed over the years.It will be important to establish whether outside influences, such as the government, alter the decision of whether or not to publish certain news items such as the Bahrain protest. These two newspapers will be compared against each other, making it easier to establish how appropriate the reported news is. All of the contents in the selected newspapers will be compared wit h those of the print media, electronic media or both. This process will help in checking the relevance of the news media in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, both of the newspapers’ operations will be investigated from the starting point to the finished product, as it is important to know exactly what happens to the raw data obtained by the news gatherers before it is finally published as a piece of information for readers. These observations will focus on each procedure undertaken in order to modify the news, from identifying the original source from which the news was obtained to how the news is presented to its readers. Finally, the factors that influence whether a piece of news is published or not must be highlighted. Working through this methodology will make it easier to see how the news is shaped in Saudi Arabia, and whether any fabrication exists. It will also provide insights into whether the news selection criteria has changed over the years, and if being a Muslim country changes the views of those responsible for selecting news and presenting it to readers. In addition, the problematic areas will be highlighted to enable the presentation of suitable and practical solutions. It will be important to identify the kinds of problems that can be addressed, and those that cannot be eradicated from the news selection procedure. In short, two research methodologies will be used in the study namely, interviews with the Saudi media journalists and the content analysis of the Saudi press that will include Alriyadh and Alyoum newspapers. Moreover, the theory of gatekeeping will be adopted as an analytical approach to study this process. 1.1. Interview Procedure Questions were developed in order to acquire a critical analysis, from the participants, of the coverage of the Bahrain events by the Saudi press. The questions were formulated with the objective to draw on the participants’ observation of the major Saudi institutions from politics, police, militar y and press. The important questions to be asked in the interview are provided below: 1. Please, rate the job done by the Saudi Press in covering the Bahraini events, particularly at the time of occurrence of the conflict? (Please select only one): (a) Excellent ---------( ) (b) Good ------------- ( ) (c) Fair --------------- ( ) (d) Not good ---------( ) 2. Please, justify your above selection: 3. Which media in Saudi

What Are The Effects Of Child Labour Young People Essay

What Are The Effects Of Child Labour Young People Essay Child labour is the working of children of ages under 18 years old for number of hours that contrast their body growth and affects their health badly. This research is studying the affects of child labour on development of countries and trying to prove that the child labour is cause of delaying of some countries due to its effects on education. To prove that an interviews with labour childrens and their families have been made. More over a lot of statistics have been gathered by me of child labour in several countries from uniceff and international labour organization in addition to world health organization .the results which have been indicated is that most of the child labour found around the world is in the developing countries because children leave schools to work so in the future they become untrained adult can work. i-Introduction Child labour is the working of young children under the age of 18 years old for large number of hours and in unsuitable jobs .It was noted that The Child labour it is the work of children in un suitable ages for unsuitable work hours or under unhealthy conditions and under certain circumstances that contrast with their body growth and their education and also their ability for creations (February 2, 1992, The Child Labour Situation) . also it was conducted that child labour is breaking of human rights which obstacle there psychological life and their physical activities (international labour organization ). Further more the child labour is mainly found in the developing countries and in Africa and Asia . some statistics The high percentage of child labor occurs mainly in mali with percentage of 54.5 Burkina Fasowith 51 percent, Niger and Uganda with 45 percent and Kenya with 4L3 percent, the report said.Bangladesh had 30.1 percent, Nigeria 25.8 Haiti 25, Turkey 24, Ivory Coast 20.5, Pakistan 17.7 percent, Brazil 16.1 , India 14.4. China U.6, and Egypt 11.2 percent. (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND PEACE. 1997). After all of that the aim of my study is to show the bad effects of child labour .moreover if the child labour has effects on developing countries in delay in development. ii-Literature review a-The meaning of child labour It was noted that The Child labour is the work of children at unsuitable ages for unsuitable work hours or under unhealthy conditions and under certain circumstances that contrast with their body growth and their education .also their ability for creations (February 2, 1992, The Child Labour Situation) . moreover it was conducted that child labour is the breaking of human rights which obstacle there psychological life and their physical activities (international labour organization ).in addition to that there is a positive meaning of child labour i.e. the children can work with their parents in home ,help in family work or get their pocket money from working in the weekends and in the summer vacations (international labour organization ). b-Causes of child labour : there are many causes of child labour the main cause for it is poverty of the families . The international labour organization noted that the poverty of the families is the main cause of child labour because the children have tow work to get money which help in keeping their life and the life of their families . in addition to that the families are not capable to pays funds of the schools . also the children who are living in slums and villages which dont have any educational facilities so they work .more over the work market are demanding more children to worm because they take low salaries and they are less trouble maker than adults for the employer . furthermore it was noted that The children works due to the poverty of their families so they need income to overcome the challenges of the life as a result they need to send their children to the work to get them money. In the other hand they cant send them to the working fields that give high wages as exportation because of restrict ing laws so they must send them to works of low wages as agriculture or servings fields. They have to work more hours to increase their income even if some of their brothers or sisters in school their parents get them out and send them to work field( number cruncher Putting children to work,By Stephen Nickell,september 2009  · prospect  · 15). In the other hand not all the causes are economic causes some of the are from family where children work with their families in farms , shops and different hand made industries said international labour organization . c-The causes of expansion of child labour The child labour spreads due to the increase in the number of the part time job with low wages and due to the simplicity of this jobs the child labour market increases . cited in (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND PEACE, 1997,GLOBAL CHILD LABOUR , Robert Evans, Reuters) . Also the large percent of divorce increases the child labour because children have to work to provides their life needs . d-Bad effects of child labour on children 1-Effects of child labour on children health The world health organization noted that the working of children in some fields are very dangerous to childrens health such as agriculture . The working of the children in the fields are very harmful because they maybe exposed to insecticides .More over they use very dangerous tools such as knives and machines . Further more they are to snakes bites , bilharithia and carrying heavy loads . The children working dont have information about how to use these machines or these tools so they can easily get hurt . Also girls are more exposed to injuries and health affections where they work at younger ages and for more hours as they work outside home and they have to work in homes too so they work for more hours . INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND PEACE noted that the number of boys in the age between 10-14 is 41 million which is more than the number of girls who worked but the survey said that the girls were left at home for taking care of home and cooking and those of them who work then return and make house work so they are considered to be working more boys 2-Effects of child labour on children future and education It was noted that lately the child labour has been paid more attention specially in developing countries in which most of child labour occurs specially in countryside . further more they have noticed that child labour has many bad effects on children like reducing attendance in school . The result of child labour is that it reduces the presence in school by 46 percent and 21 percent in learning and understanding the Sciences and increasing the ability of children twice to work and moreover it affects the child health later cited in Case study integrated that In an investigation in Ghana they have discovered that due to child labour the attendance in school decreases and there is a direct proportion between child labour and the attendance in school also the ability of children to read decreases as the hours of work increases therefore there is negative proportion between child labour and education(Why Should We Care About Child Labour ?The Education, Labor Market, and Health,Consequences of Child Labor,Kathleen Beegle,Rajeev Dehejia,Roberta Gatti) The child who works today will be tomorrow un responsible adult who is un educated and not trained said ILO Director-General Michel e-Statistics of child labour in different countries International organization labour noted that 73milion children around the world from the age of 14 to 13 works two thirds of the 73 million were in Asia and 24 million were in Africa The child labour also occurs in the developed countries as united states and Britain as well as countries in south Europe It was indicated that The high percentage of child labour occurs mainly in mali with percentage of 54.5 Burkina Faso with 51 percent, Niger and Uganda with 45 percent and Kenya with 4L3 percent, the report said. Bangladesh had 30.1 percent, Nigeria 25.8, Haiti 25, Turkey 24, Ivory Coast 20.5, Pakistan 17.7 percent, Brazil 16.1 , India 14.4. China U.6, and Egypt 11.2 percent. Asia had the greatest number in the age group, with 44. 6 million or 13 percent of the total, hut Africa had the highest proportion with 26.3 percent or 23.6 million children working. Latin America lagged well behind, with 5.1 million or 9.8 percent of the group. Cited in (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND PEACE. 1997,GLOBAL CHILD LABOuR,Robert Evans, Reuters)   Ã‚  One in six children in developing countries are engaged in child labour    Children aged 5-14 engaged in child labour (%), by region (1999-2008) Boys are more likely to engage in child labour Children aged 5-14 engaged in child labour (%), by gender (1999-2008)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Child labour is most prevalent in Africa    Percentage of children aged 5-14 years engaged in child labour (2003-2008) Graphs and statistics are cited in child info with sponsored by uniceff iii-Methodology An example of the child labour I choose Ahmed who is 14 years old working at a small shop ironing and dry cleaning, in the midst of hard work already. After making interview with Ahmed i know that his family consist of 5 brothers and sisters he is the middle one. his father make him work to help him overcoming the life needs . Ahmed said that i wake every day at 7:00 oclock and ran to the shop to help my boss in ironing the customers clothes and when it is after noon i went to the customers delivering to the clothes and getting others to start ironing them and give back to the customer at night . more over i make an interview with the cause his father and with owner of the shop who permits this work . by interviewing Mr Kmal who Told me that Ahmed who works for 12 hours a day in this small age is that he now can turn on dry cleaning machine at his own without the help of know one . moreover he can iron alot of clothing in short time . by asking Ahmeds father he said that i think tha t the working of children is more greater benefit than education and Ahmed can get his own pocket money without education. more over he said that even his older brother who has been educated till thanwya ama did not working while Ahmed did. further more after getting statistics from uniceff and international labour organization I realized that that there were some 2.7 million working children aged between six and fourteen (noted in international labour organization) . i use all of this interviews and statistics to prove that the child labour is 1 of the cause of not developing our countries . iv-Reference page Goodyear, Rosemary .(2006) overworked children? , New Zealand Journal of History ,Vol. 40 Issue 1, p75-90, 16p, 1http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4hid=12sid=57000ce9-d687-48e9-84ca-10dc8fe7db23%40sessionmgr11bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=hlhAN=21083652 Nickell, Stephen.(sep2009) Putting  children  to  work, Economist and the Warden of Nuffield College, Oxford ,  Issue 162, p15-15, 1/3p http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=6hid=119sid=57000ce9-d687-48e9-84ca-10dc8fe7db23%40sessionmgr11bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=hlhAN=44959548 Evans, Robert.( 1997), International Journal of Humanities Peace , GLOBAL  CHILD  LABOR ,Vol. 13 Issue 1, p86-86, 1p http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=9hid=9sid=57000ce9-d687-48e9-84ca-10dc8fe7db23%40sessionmgr11bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=hlhAN=18773100 International labour organization About child labour http://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/langen/ http://www.ilo.org/global/What_we_do/InternationalLabourStandards/Subjects/Childlabour/langen/index.htm Child Labour and IPEC: An overview,international labour organization http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/manila/ipec/about/overview.hth World health organization,hazardous child labour http://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/childlabour/en/ http://www.childinfo.org/labour.html

Plato’s Concept of the Soul and its Relationship with the Body Essay ex

Plato’s Concept of the Soul and its Relationship with the Body Plato’s theory of the body and soul originated from his earlier theories and dialogs, ‘the analogy of the cave’ and ‘the theory of forms’. Plato believed that the soul is immortal. That the soul existed before it came to the physical body, and it is still there when the body dies. This is a dualistic interpretation of the mind/body problem. Plato linked the soul to a charioteer in charge of two horses, the mind and the body, which are pulling in completely opposite directions. The soul wanting to go back to the world of the forms and the body wanting to enjoy the five sense plus pleasure. In Plato’s words - the body is the source of endless trouble†¦it fills us full of love and lust and fear and fancies of all kinds†¦and takes us away from all power of thinking at all. Therefore emphasised that the philosophers must live simply and avoid sensual pleasure so as to focus the mind on the soul and gain its knowledge. The analogy of the cave relates to the...

Macchiavellian theories in “King Lear” Essay

William Shakespeare’s â€Å"King Lear† has within it many Machiavellian theories. This is evident once we examine the characters of Edmund, Goneril, and Regan. The Machiavellian principles relating to politics, ethics, and virtue are exemplified throughout â€Å"King Lear† play by these three characters. Machiavellian politics deal with acquiring power and forming very strong governments. For Machiavelli, power meant politics. Ethics can be best described as a branch of knowledge concerned with moral principles. The Theme of morality and ethics keeps evolving throughout â€Å"King Lear† and is demonstrated by these three characters. Virtue is the final principle highlighted by this Shakespeare play. By examining each of the three characters in more depth, we can better understand how Machiavellian theories apply to the play â€Å"King Lear† Edmund is the most Machiavellian character in â€Å"King Lear† for many reasons. Edmund was born as illegitimated son of Gloucester. He had elder brother named Edgar who was legitimated son of Gloucester and beloved suitable heir. Edmund shows his avarice, greed, and envy towards Edger. Edmund states soliloquy â€Å"Thou, Nature, art my goddess; to thy law, †¦ now, gods, stand up for bastards.†(I, ii, 1-22) This shows that he blame the nature that he never meant to born as an illegitimated, such as bastard son. He also decides that as concern everything think as a bastard, he will act as a bastard, the way of being Machiavellian as manipulating and taking advantage of others. Especially from the part of soliloquy, â€Å"legitimate Edgar, I must have your land.† (I, ii, 16) He is showing his jealousy towards Edgar, and all that he has. Back in Shakespeare’s time, land ownership was a form of wealth. Wealth equaled political power. Acquiring political p ower is a Machiavellian trait. Edmund also criticized his father for being too superstitious and gullible in nature. He ridiculed his father, Gloucester for his beliefs and he thought he was morally superior to him. Edmund exploited his father’s good nature by enraging with Edgar’s false letter against his father. In a deceptive manner, Edmund, quite simply acted phony to Edgar. He tries to cover Edger, however deceiving both ends of his mouth between Gloucester and Edgar. Edmund acted in a two faced manner and this is true to the Machiavellian way  of doing things. There is one more example of Edmund’s Machiavellian behavior. In Act III, we are exposed to Edmund’s treacherous tendency against his own father. Edmund states, â€Å"The younger rise when the old doth fall†(III, iii, 26) it is clear that Edmund wished to take over and assume power over his father’s domain. Edmund is seeking power that Macchivelli often wrote about. The greed in acquiring power is all right if the end justifies the means. In Act V, Edger, Edmund’s brother, also a victim of Edmund’s Machiavellian tendencies revenge on Edmund and murdered him. Along with Edmund, Goneril is also another character in the play, which exemplifies immoral and unvirtuous behavior. Goneril used flattery to get on the good side of her father. â€Å"Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter, †¦ Beyond all manner of so much I love you.†(I, i, 57-64) She wanted to inherit her father’s kingdom. Goneril had an ulterior motive for acting this way to achieve any greedy goal. After she took advantage of her old father, she kicked her father out from her castle. This shows how she unvirtuous Machiavellian treatment to her father. There is the second example of Goneril’s deceiving ways. Goneril cheated on her husband Albany. This is undoubtedly Machiavellian trait. Albany even detected Goneril’s conniving deceptive behavior. He states † You are not worth the dust which the rude wind blows in your face.†(IV, ii, 30-31) Furthermore for Goneril’s love of Edmund, she poisoned her own sister, Regan to eliminate from him. At the end of the play, these Machiavellian traits and characteristics brought her to this point of self-destruction and suicide. Regan is the next character who also showed Machiavellian behavior in her personality. She flattered her father just like Goneril did. â€Å"I am made of that self mettle as my sisters, †¦ In your Highness love†(I, i, 71-79) She had an ulterior motive to in praising and flattering her father. Like her deceptive sister Goneril, Regan wanted the wealth and kingdom. It was more than she deserved. Regan cooperated thoroughly with Goneril to mistreat her  father with disrespect. Regan defends her sister’s poor treatment of her father to her father and informs her father that he is old and should be rule by others. She mentioned to him that return to Goneril and beg her Forgiveness. â€Å"O, sir, you are old, †¦ Say you have wronged her.†(II, iv, 145-151) This behavior is Machiavellian in nature, because it is immoral and unvirtuous. Regan also cheated on her husband, Cornwall. She loved Edmund as her sister Goneril did. She informed her sister that she wou ld merry Edmund as soon as her husband died, however Regan was poisoned by Goneril. This shows that how the last become to the Machiavellian who looks for their own profit, and their Machiavellian personalities bring themselves into their own grave. It is clearly evident that the Machiavellian themes are prevalent by the words and actions of Edmund, Goneril, and Regan. The theory of acquiring power, ethics, morality, and virtue that Macchiavelli wrote about is a common theme in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"King Lear†. The three characters previously mentioned are all looking out for their own self-interest. They will do anything to achieve their greedy and selfish goals. Perhaps it is truly ironic that the play does not have happy ending. Much can be learned by examining Machiavellian principals and theories as they pertain to â€Å"King Lear†.

Role of Financial Institutions in the Global Economy

Globalization has sparked a revolution in information and communication technology, resulting in the emergence of an era that boasts the arrival of new levels of global interconnectedness. As a result, globalization has also increased the significance of the many different roles that financial institutions play in the overall global economy. Financial institutions can play several roles, ranging from operating as a simple method of savings, to functioning as an important revitalization source in a low-income community. This paper will explain the general role of financial institutions in the global economy, will touch on more significant individual roles, and discuss the overall role of international financial institutions. Research indicates that a financial institutions' role as an intermediary is clearest in the credit and deposit business (Krayer, 2002). The usual function involves clients bringing to the bank their savings, or money which the bank transfers to its credit clients in the form of loans. In the loan instance, a borrower's credit rating may change during the life of a loan, thereby changing the value of the loan at that point in time, which reflects the interest and amortization payments expected in the future (Krayer, 2002). In some cases, credits may even become entirely worthless if borrowers become insolvent and bankrupt (Krayer, 2002). Another function which banks perform within an economy is rating and selecting the loans they finance. Through their activities as an agent, another essential function performed by banks is to reduce risks overall (Krayer, 2002). In this way, the general role of banks is to undertake and provide specific products or services. Financial institutions also play an additional role within an economy by granting loans, processing payments, accepting deposits, and carrying out investments. Through these activities, banks create added value for their clients, employees, service providers and shareholders. As a result, there is a significant amount of potential damage were a bank to collapse. Thus, the economic benefits generated by a bank are basically no different from the economic benefits generated by a doctor, teacher or train driver: by exercising, to the best of their knowledge and abilities, their specialist function in competition with others, companies and their employees make their contribution to economic benefit (Krayer, 2002). Research indicates that bankers act responsibly when they ensure that their house is in order and resist the temptation to pass off poor financial performance as a contribution to the economy (Krayer, 2002). Larger financial institutions play an additional role than just that of providing typical banking services. Financial institutions can form the core of economic development in a low-income community. For example, the World Bank's focus is on project lending and structural reforms that enhance long-run development and poverty alleviation (Stiglitz, 1998). The role of the World Bank in the global economy is to address pressing issues such as weak financial sectors, lack of transparency and poor governance in the corporate sectors, and weaknesses in external liability management will help restore confidence among foreign and domestic investors (Stiglitz, 1998). In this way, the World Bank acts to reactivate poor economies and thus to protect and extend social and economic achievements. In poorer countries, the World Bank appears to operate in coordination with the government as it steps in and fills the income-security gap that is left by companies closing and workers losing their jobs. Over the longer term, the World Bank will be working with countries to help them design modern, durable social safety nets that complement their other structural reforms (Stiglitz, 1998). Finally, as illustrated above, the role of financial institutions is very diverse, as communities depend on them for basic transactions such as savings and loans. In the larger view, however, banks operate as the financial support of an economy, the stabilization of which the community depends on.

Holiday In Portugal essays

Holiday In Portugal essays Pleasant Holiday Experiences On Costa Do Estoril And Beyond Portugal's Costa Do Estoril enjoys a delightful south-facing perspective. It starts at Carcavelos, 15 kilometres from Lisbon, and stretches for a distance of 20 kilometres westwards along the Atlantic seaboard to Guincho. It portrays a delightful blend between the charm of the land and the fascinating exquisiteness of the sea. Using the internationally known resort of Estoril as a base, my wife and I had the pleasure of experiencing the region and some of its peripheries during a 2001 visit. We found Estoril to be a pleasing, safe and unspoilt smallish seaside town where natural beauty and individual architecture blends with the surroundings. It has a pleasantly warm climate with an ever-present gentle breeze. Estoril has played its part in history making. It was a favourite haven of kings and aristocrats who retreated to exile following many of the tumultuous events of the 20th century and, a centre of international espionage and secret diplomacy during World War 11. The legacy that remains is one of sophistication and cosmopolitanism. Today Estoril is better known for its magnificent casino. A delightful park, edged by tall, tropical palm trees, fronts the attractive building which forms the centrepiece of the resort. A visit to the multifaceted entertainment centre is recommended. Close-by is the famous Tamariz Beach. The combination of a vast, shimmering sunlit bay, people of all ages and colour relaxing on the sand, and a promenade hiving with happy, smiling strollers creates a lasting impression. A four-minute train ride, or thirty minutes on Shank's mare via a promenade, takes one from Estoril to picturesque Cascais. It has much to offer in the way of forts, castles, swimming, sailing, eating out, shopping and scenery. Well worth a visit or two! Lisbon is a mere 25 kilometres from Estoril. The breathtaking architectural treasures and deep-seated seaf ...

Culture Shock Research Paper Example

Culture Shock Research Paper Example Culture Shock Paper Culture Shock Paper To move from Vietnam to the United States, I have been an exchanged student for almost 2 months. It is not smooth for a 16-year-old girl like me to start a new life in the other hemisphere of the Earth. Through the big differences of lifestyles between two countries, I have gained a lot of precious experiences of independence and adaption. As I realize, the most difficult part of a new adventure to another cultural environment is Culture Shock! It is the result of the rapid changes of the familiar life. For my own experiments in the US, I would say that Culture Shock is best expressed by 3 factors: Shock of Changes Miscommunication and Homesickness. Firstly, it is important to keep in mind the definition of Culture Shock. When a person moves from one culture to another, he suddenly finds it very strange and irrelevant to live in a new community, which is understandable. The person has to get used to the conditions of eating, sleeping, working, communicating, entertaining etc. even though he does not clearly know how. It takes him some time to be familiar with a new culture. This explains the disoriented feelings of most people being away from their own customs. For me, there have been a lot of changes in the language, the weather, the food and the people since the day I came to the US. During my first two weeks, I could not sleep before midnight due to the difference of time. It affected on my circadian rhythm and made me very tired. It was hot in the day and very cold at night, which leaded to bad headaches and running nose. About the daily habits, American friends hug and kiss a lot because they consider it as a way of expressing their friendship. Contrarily, in Asia, especially in my country, we often keep a constant distance among our friends by nodding and shaking hands for greetings. Within the very first days in the US, I was sometimes a bit depressed when I could hardly refuse a lot of hugs because of politeness. Despite my great appreciation to their friendliness, I always thought that it was unusual for an Asian girl to receive tons of hugs from friends. These above experiments are typical factors of the Cultural Shock, when I have to face a lot of changes in life in a very short time. Secondly, all of us have different reactions to the rapid changes of cultures, and not most people can get along with it. Some accept to change themselves to adapt with the situations, some refuse to open their minds and keep on having negative feelings. However, it is common that everyone does have difficulties in overcoming miscommunication when moving to another culture. Based on the differences of life conditions, miscommunication is known as the lack of adequate communication. Once, when I was talking to one of my close classmates, she suddenly said to me, Haha, no one like you. Actually, she wanted to make a special comparison between me and the other people. Unfortunately, her pronunciation made me misunderstand that everybody hated me. Then I stopped talking with her because I was really upset. Two days later, after I told her the reason, we both laughed at our miscommunication and considered it as one of the most embarrassing experiences in our lives. For my own experiences, I would say that miscommunication is one of the most typical elements of Culture Shock. Finally, homesickness is the result of these above factors. Shock of Changes and Miscommunication can possibly remind a person of his own culture, and sometimes they make him want to leave the new one for his hometown. Homesickness, for me, is the biggest problem of Culture Shock, because it is caused by emotions and feelings. Thats why we cannot control it all the time as we want. It can even make people cry and keep on feeling negative. However, it doesnt mean that overcoming homesickness is impossible. After two weeks in the US, I gradually realize the beauty of American culture and feel more comfortable to accept it. I can sleep well and enjoy the food more, which make me feel much better. Although there is still some confusion, I have gained more energy to start everything. I think I have been through Excitement and Withdrawl, and I am trying to jump from Adjustment to Enthusiasm when I live in the US. In conclusion, Culture Shock is unavoidable for most people who move from one culture to another. It does have disadvantages, however, it makes us realize how much we love our cultures and how close we are to our hometowns. Therefore, I dont consider Culture Shock as a bad problem. It teaches me how to join the world and adapt with different life conditions. In my opinion, the best solution for Culture Shock is preparing good spirit for changes of life, keeping healthy and being self-confident in every situation we face to!

Committee on Public Information, Americas WWI Propaganda Agency

Committee on Public Information, America's WWI Propaganda Agency The Committee on Public Information was a government agency created during World War I to distribute information intended to influence public opinion to inspire support for Americas entry in the war. The organization was essentially a propaganda arm of the federal government, and was presented to the public and the Congress as a reasonable alternative to government censorship of war news. The administration of Woodrow Wilson believed a government office dedicated to providing favorable publicity for the cause of entering the war was necessary. Americans had never sent an army to Europe. And joining the war on the side of Britain and France was a concept that needed to be sold to the public the way an ordinary consumer product might be sold. Key Takeaways: Committee on Public Information Government propaganda agency was created to convince American public of the necessity of the U.S. entering World War I.Public and Congress believed that the CPI would ensure no censorship of the press, and that reliable information would be provided.Agency provided tens of thousands of public speakers, arranged events to sell bonds and promote the war, created posters, and published booklets.Following the war there was a backlash against the agency, and excesses of war fervor were blamed on it. In its few years of operation, the Committee on Public Information (CPI) fed material to newspapers and magazines, commissioned advertising campaigns, and produced propaganda posters. It even arranged for thousands of public speakers to appear all over the country, making the case for Americans to fight in Europe. Overcoming Skepticism A rationale for creating the CPI, as it became known, was rooted in controversies which arose in 1916, when the U.S. government was becoming increasingly concerned with suspected spies and saboteurs. Woodrow Wilson’s attorney general, Thomas Gregory, proposed controlling the flow of information by censoring the press. Congress resisted that idea, as did newspaper publishers and members of the public. In early 1917, with the issue of censoring the press still being discussed, a magazine writer with a reputation as a crusading muckraker, George Creel, wrote to President Wilson. Creel proposed forming a committee that would provide information to the press. By having the press voluntarily agree to being fed information it would avoid censorship. Forming the Committee Creel’s idea found favor with Wilson and his top advisers, and by executive order Wilson created the committee. Besides Creel, the committee included the Secretary of State, Secretary of War, and Secretary of the Navy (what today would be the Defense Department was still split between Army and Navy departments). The formation of the committee was announced in April 1917. In a front-page story on April 15, 1917, the New York Times reported that the three cabinet secretaries on the committee had sent President Wilson a letter, which was made public. In the letter, the three officials said America’s great present needs are confidence, enthusiasm, and service. The letter also stated: While there is much that is properly secret in connection with the departments of the government, the total is small compared to the vast amounts of information that is right and proper for the people to have. George Creel, head of the United States Committee on Public Information. Time Life Pictures / Getty Images The letter also put forth the idea that two functions, identified as â€Å"censorship and publicity,† could happily coexist. George Creel would be the head of the committee, and could operate as a government censor, but it was assumed that the newspapers would happily accept war news as distributed by the government and would not have to be censored. CPI Key Messages and Techniques Creel quickly got to work. During 1917, the CPI organized a speaker’s bureau, which dispatched more than 20,000 individuals (some accounts give much higher numbers) to give short speeches supporting the American war effort. The speakers became known as The Four-Minute Men for the brevity of their speeches. The effort was successful, and gatherings from club meetings to public performances, soon featured a speaker talking of America’s duty to join the war in Europe. The New York Times, on December 30, 1917, published a story about the Four-Minute Men which indicated how common they had become: â€Å"The work of the Four-Minute Men has recently been extended to that representative speakers appear weekly in almost every moving picture house. The subject matter is prepared and the speaking is directed from Washington†¦ In each state there is an organization of Four-Minute Men. â€Å"The number of speakers now totals 20,000. Their topics are matters of national importance connected with the war plans of the government.† Creel believed the more lurid stories of German atrocities would not be believed by the public. So in the early months of his operation he directed speakers to focus on how Americans would be fighting to support freedom and democracy in the face of German brutishness. By 1918 the CPI was urging its speakers to make use of wartime atrocity stories. One writer, Raymond D. Fosdick, reported seeing a church congregation cheer after a speaker described German atrocities and called for the German leader, Kaiser Wilhelm, to be boiled in oil. On February 4, 1918, the New York Times published a brief news story headlined Bar Hymns of Hate. The article said the CPI had sent out instructions to its Four-Minute Men to tone down extreme material. If Your Soldiers Hit Poster by E.M. Gean Jackson, a film by the Committee on Public Information. swim ink 2 llc  /  Getty Images The CPI also distributed a number of printed materials, beginning with booklets that made the case for war. A news story in June 1917 described the proposed â€Å"War Booklets,† and noted that 20,000 copies would be sent to newspapers nationwide while the Government Printing Office would print many more for general circulation. The first of the War Booklets, titled How the War Came to America, consisted of 32 pages of dense prose. The lengthy essay explained how it had become impossible for America to remain neutral, and that was followed by reprints of speeches by President Wilson. The booklet was not terribly engaging, but it got the official message out in a handy package for public circulation. More lively material was put out by the CPI’s Division of Pictorial Publicity. Posters produced by the office encouraged Americans, through the use of vivid illustrations, to work in war-related industries and buy war bonds. Controversies In the summer of 1917, newspaper publishers were shocked to learn the government had directed the companies controlling transatlantic telegraph traffic to divert cables to the CPI in Washington to be reviewed before they were routed to the newspaper offices. After an outcry, the practice was stopped, but it would be cited as an example of how Creel and his organization had a tendency to overstep. Creel, for his part, was known for having a bad temper, and often put himself into controversies. He insulted members of Congress, and was forced to apologize. And no less a public figure than Theodore Roosevelt, the former president, criticized the CPI. He claimed the agency had been trying to punish newspapers which had supported America entering the conflict but then had become skeptical of the administration’s conduct of the war. In May 1918, the New York Times published a lengthy story headlined Creel as a Recurrent Storm Centre. The article detailed various controversies Creel had found himself in. A sub-headline read: How the Governments Publicity Man Has Shown Himself an Adept at Getting Into Hot Water With the Congress and the Public. During the war the American public did become infused with a patriotic fervor, and that led to excesses, such as German-Americans being targeted for harassment and even violence. Critics believed official CPI booklets such as German War Practices were incitements. But George Creel and other defenders of the CPI, pointing out that private groups were also distributing propaganda materials, insisted the less responsible organizations had inspired any bad behavior. Impact of the Committee’s Work Theres no question that Creel and his committee had an impact. Americans came around to support intervention in the war, and participated widely in supporting the effort. The success of war bond drives, known as the Liberty Loan, was often attributed to the CPI. Yet the CPI came in for much criticism after the war, when it became clear that information had been manipulated. In addition, the war fervor stoked by Creel and his committee may have had an influence on events following the war, particularly the Red Scare of 1919 and the notorious Palmer Raids. George Creel wrote a book, How We Advertised America, in 1920. He defended his work during the war, and he continued to work as a writer and political operative until his death in 1953. Sources: The Creel Committee. American Decades, edited by Judith S. Baughman, et al., vol. 2: 1910-1919, Gale, 2001. Gale Virtual Reference Library.George Creel. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Gale, 2004, pp. 304-305. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

The concept of natural laws vs. human laws in the Decameron Essay - 1

The concept of natural laws vs. human laws in the Decameron - Essay Example The stories are concerned with a lot of things but it is the everyman hero which comes out on top rather than a Christian knight or a great king. Topics such as love, practical jokes, the hypocrisy and corruption of the clergy are all covered and often the hero of a tale comes from the mercantile class which was coming up at the time (Barolini, 1983). Since the audience itself was largely composed of individuals from this class, their notion of natural law being more important than human laws is certainly reflected in how the tales take shape. For example, in the very first tale a sinner is canonized as a saint which not only shows the fallacy of human law created by clergymen but also the power of natural law as the man who did wrong in his life was not appreciated by anyone expect the foolish priest who came to see him. In the same series of tales of the first day (sixth and ninth tales), we see examples of how disputes can be better resolved by words amongst individuals rather than resorting to the proper application of the law which might have resulted in the detriment of all concerned parties. It must be noted that Boccaccio does not seek to eradicate laws or even consider them bad since many laws are good for protecting the people. However, laws which make no sense to him or those which he considers archaic traditions are ridiculed extensively. As a replacement of those laws, Boccaccio shows us that natural laws are not only their equal but perhaps an improvement since they result in more equitable answers. The tales of the second day directly connect with this since they all deal with an individual losing his fortune and then through the workings of natural law is restored to his fortune while winning out over those who oppose him. In fact, to take it a step further, it can be said that the relationship between natural law and human law in the

Human variation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human variation - Assignment Example e same note, natural selection entails the survival of the best species in terms of survival techniques since nature poses a wide range of challenges in a bid to survive. In addition to that, genetic shift entails the acquiring of survival traits and consequently the passing on the traits to the generations to come. Evidently, this is aimed at enabling the organisms, in other words, humans to survive and reproduce effectively in nature. Finally, there is the issue of chance inheritance which entails the selection of the most suitable survival trait in a bid to pass it on to the next generation. With the shifting and movement of people over the world, it has promoted the spread of traits. Evidently, for instance traits like the ABO are perceived to have originated from one region. However, with the movement of people with the aim of seeking the most appropriate place to settle the trait has been passed all over the world. It is worth noting that approximately everywhere in the world there exist the ABO trait in individuals. Notably, the passing on of this traits from generation to generation is aimed at enabling the future generation to adapt more to the environment they are exposed to. Adaptive traits are developed in a bid to adapt to the environment. Consequently, different environment suggest different traits thus can’t be used for classification purposes. On the same note, it is argued that this traits are liable to extinction once the particular adaptive environment is changed or does not exist anymore. Moreover, since the environmental factors change with time, new traits are likely to emerge in a bid to fit in to the changing environment. Consequently, since the emergence of traits is dependent on the specific condition that exists for instance environmental condition, numerous adaptive traits are expected thus the concept of adaptive traits cannot be used to classify humans since you may require an infinitely large number of subgroups. It is evident

Phenomena of Piracy and Copyright Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phenomena of Piracy and Copyright Laws - Essay Example The Anthill infrastructure proposes an idea in which nesting becomes a vital component. Nest implementation consists of three components which consist of document storage, ant manager, and a gateway agent. In this particular framework, five nests work together as a storage component for these networks and use algorithms. The current model of Anthill enables users engaged in the P2P system to use genetic algorithms that may simplify tasking of specifying the parameters for a query. One of the aspects that were explored with Anthill was to program it in Java since Java is portable is secured. Since Ants are generated by nests in response to requests, each and tries to fulfill the request for which needs to be generated. Anthill is special because it takes care of all low-level details such as communication, security, and scheduling. Developers wishing to experiment with new P2P protocols can concentrate on developing suitable and algorithms using the framework. Bit Torrent is a file distribution system that is heavily used by users for sharing information through bits and pieces. When a file is available using HTTP, the upload costs are atoned by the hosting machine. However, with the advent of a Bit Torrent, multiple users that are downloading a similar file can share that file with each other. This is highly effective as it reduces not only the cost but the lag time in downloading. A unique feature of Bit Torrent interface is the fact that it is very simple to use. Users can easily navigate and launch Bit Torrent using the â€Å"Save As† button. One of the key aspects regarding Bit Torrent is the issue of deployment. Users who want to initiate deployment of a specific torrent by using the extension .torrent on an ordinary web server. The whole essence of Bit Torrent is to enhance the functions of peer sharing.  

Medical Career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medical Career - Essay Example Significantly, the career of a medical physician offers me with ample opportunities and challenges to make me worthwhile to the humanity as it provides room for service, action, respect, security, excitement, mobility, and flexibility both in my career as well as personal life. Medicine is one of the very few effective career choices which fulfils these features of a rewarding career and offers better opportunities for service. Above all, it allows the leeway to grow in the area of Human biology which is one of my important interest-areas. The wider scope of this noble profession is an important factor affecting my choice of medicine as a career. "Most doctors' professional lives are filled with caring for people and continuously learning more about the human body. Every day in communities around the country, doctors work in neighbourhood clinics, hospitals, offices, even homeless shelters and schools to care for people in need. But physicians also do many other things People with me dical skills are in demand everywhere." (Exploring a Medical Career). In other words, a doctor's career is marked by a wider variety of opportunities, as compared to any other profession and there are physician researchers, academic physicians, and practitioners of various other spheres of medicine. Whereas the physician researchers are engaged in efforts to develop exciting new treatments for cancer, genetic disorders, and infectious diseases such as AIDS, the academic physicians share their skills and wisdom by teaching medical students and residents and others who work with health maintenance organizations, pharmaceutical companies, medical device manufacturers, health insurance companies, or in corporations directing health and safety programs. This wider opportunity in the medical career has been one of the reasons for my choice of this career. Significantly relevant to my choice is also the fact that medical career has several personal, intellectual, and financial rewards that attract me toward this career. It is essential here to make clear that the career development opportunity promised by medicine has great implications in my life as I always have given importance to human biology and wished to have a career growth in this stream. Human biology has been a great fascination for my career dreams and researches related to genetic variation, biological variation, degenerative diseases, infectious diseases, human growth development, and bio-demography etc have great scope in my academic interests. Of all these, biodiversity and genetic diversity have attracted me very much and several topics of personal reading comprised topics related to genetic diversity including genetic characteristics, population genetics, gene diversity, heterozygosity etc. I have been very much interested in the developments and inventions in the medical field of genetics and the application of genetics to human biology. Every time I read about some achievements and inventions in the field of genetics, I was fasci nated towards the capturing capacity of medicine. The understanding of all these factors along with determination for further studies and researches in these areas has been important factors determining my choice to pursue medicine. Primarily, it is the scope of medicine for growth and development in such vital areas of human knowledge, and the opportunity for building up a bright career in the best interest of

Comparison and Contrast of ANCC and AANP Certification Process and Research Paper

Comparison and Contrast of ANCC and AANP Certification Process and Board Certification Examination - Research Paper Example The present study focuses on a comparison and contrast of these two certification and board examinations. ANCC and AANP: Comparison and Contrast: The nursing practitioners are allowed to take both the examination. However, it is a choice of the candidate to take either one of the exams or both (Difference Between AANP and ANCC, 2012). The ANCC is credentialing body of the American Nurses Association (ANA).The exams for credential presently being offered to nurse practitioners are for the following fields: adult, family, paediatric, gerontology, acute care, adult or family psychiatric and mental health, and advanced diabetes management. The AANP is a branch of learning organization that caters to only nurse practitioners. It is at present contributing in three specialty exams: adult, family, and geriatric nurse practitioner (Leik, 2008, p.1). The American Nurses Credentialing Center is the biggest and most esteemed nurse credentialing organization in the world (ANCC Certification Cent er, 2012). In general, the ANCC revises their examinations for the nurse practitioner in every 2 to 3 years. The questions in the exam are mostly suggested from most important textbooks, national expert panel guidelines, papers, and official governmental reports and statistics. The suggestion sources for AANP exams are not recognized in public. The substance of their examinations is supported on the results of a responsibility description learning that was carried out by both the AANP and the Professional Examination Service. The examinations for both the certifications are now computer based thus being online conducted within a particular time frame. However, the number of questions varies for the two tests. For ANCC examination, the total number of questions is 175, while for AANP, 150 questions are in total for the test. Both the certifications are in the same way acknowledged as national specialty organizations, and credentials granted by them are acceptable to governmental bodi es such as Medicare, local state agencies such as the state boards of nursing (BON), and private corporations (Leik, 2008, pp.2-3). The AANP examinations have been organized and developed by AANP itself and the Professional Examination Service (PES).  On the other hand, it is the ANCC that organizes the ANCC certification examination. The range of programs covered by AANP is lesser in comparison to ANCC. ANCC provides further diverse range of programs including the Acute Care, Adult, Adult Psychiatric & Mental Health, Diabetes Management, Family, Family Psych & Mental Health, Gerontological, Paediatric, School, Ambulatory Care, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Cardiac Vascular, College Health, Community Health, High-Risk Prenatal, Informatics, Maternal-Child, and Medical-Surgical Nursing among others (Difference Between AANP and ANCC, 2012). To study and analyse accurately, there are not many differences in the two examinations except the wide range of subjects covered under the ANCC certi fication. As far as the examinations are concerned, taking any one of the examinations would provide the nursing practitioner with the opportunity to serve in their choice of fields in nursing. However, in order to qualify for the certification examination both the tests require that the nursing candidates hold an active current licence of Registered Nurses (RN) within a state or territory of

EHR Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EHR - Assignment Example The system should be able to provide patients with access of their information enabling home monitoring and especially of chronic diseases. The data it stores electronically should be able to be accessed by other similar systems on the state or even federal level because of disease surveillance data. The act deals with the technology in health information and especially that which deals with the privacy and security of the patients’ information in health care facilities. It deals with electronic transmission of health information which is the role of EHR. The HITECH Act therefore examines the HER and ensures that that records it stores of patients are secured and remain private failure to which civil and criminal legal action will be undertaken (American Health Lawyers Association, 2006). The government incentives for adoption of the EHR system are monetary. Doctors and hospitals which adopt the system within a certain period of time will be receiving money as incentive and in order to attract more doctors to adopt the system. The incentive money reduces as time passes. The ramifications of lack of adoption are a certain percentage cut of the Medicaid and Medicare reimbursements that physicians normally receive from government. The first requirement is to have money to purchase the system and set it up in the relevant departments or according to the goals set within the organization. The other requirement is to have people with expert knowledge of the system to operate it as well as to teach the rest of the staff who will be handling the system how to use it and repair it (Hebda, Czar & Mascara, 2012). Certified EHR is the technological system that is tailored towards specifically meeting the functionality and security required by the user. The certification maintains data sharing and confidentiality as well as keeping the system secure. This is important if the HITECH Act rules are to be adhered

Comparison and Contrast of ANCC and AANP Certification Process and Research Paper

Comparison and Contrast of ANCC and AANP Certification Process and Board Certification Examination - Research Paper Example The present study focuses on a comparison and contrast of these two certification and board examinations. ANCC and AANP: Comparison and Contrast: The nursing practitioners are allowed to take both the examination. However, it is a choice of the candidate to take either one of the exams or both (Difference Between AANP and ANCC, 2012). The ANCC is credentialing body of the American Nurses Association (ANA).The exams for credential presently being offered to nurse practitioners are for the following fields: adult, family, paediatric, gerontology, acute care, adult or family psychiatric and mental health, and advanced diabetes management. The AANP is a branch of learning organization that caters to only nurse practitioners. It is at present contributing in three specialty exams: adult, family, and geriatric nurse practitioner (Leik, 2008, p.1). The American Nurses Credentialing Center is the biggest and most esteemed nurse credentialing organization in the world (ANCC Certification Cent er, 2012). In general, the ANCC revises their examinations for the nurse practitioner in every 2 to 3 years. The questions in the exam are mostly suggested from most important textbooks, national expert panel guidelines, papers, and official governmental reports and statistics. The suggestion sources for AANP exams are not recognized in public. The substance of their examinations is supported on the results of a responsibility description learning that was carried out by both the AANP and the Professional Examination Service. The examinations for both the certifications are now computer based thus being online conducted within a particular time frame. However, the number of questions varies for the two tests. For ANCC examination, the total number of questions is 175, while for AANP, 150 questions are in total for the test. Both the certifications are in the same way acknowledged as national specialty organizations, and credentials granted by them are acceptable to governmental bodi es such as Medicare, local state agencies such as the state boards of nursing (BON), and private corporations (Leik, 2008, pp.2-3). The AANP examinations have been organized and developed by AANP itself and the Professional Examination Service (PES).  On the other hand, it is the ANCC that organizes the ANCC certification examination. The range of programs covered by AANP is lesser in comparison to ANCC. ANCC provides further diverse range of programs including the Acute Care, Adult, Adult Psychiatric & Mental Health, Diabetes Management, Family, Family Psych & Mental Health, Gerontological, Paediatric, School, Ambulatory Care, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Cardiac Vascular, College Health, Community Health, High-Risk Prenatal, Informatics, Maternal-Child, and Medical-Surgical Nursing among others (Difference Between AANP and ANCC, 2012). To study and analyse accurately, there are not many differences in the two examinations except the wide range of subjects covered under the ANCC certi fication. As far as the examinations are concerned, taking any one of the examinations would provide the nursing practitioner with the opportunity to serve in their choice of fields in nursing. However, in order to qualify for the certification examination both the tests require that the nursing candidates hold an active current licence of Registered Nurses (RN) within a state or territory of

A Worldview Definition Essay Example for Free

A Worldview Definition Essay A worldview is the way you interpret everything that happens around you and the rest of the world. Everyone has some sort of worldview whether it is conscious or subconscious. People have different worldviews and it can be affected by several different factors around them. A Biblical/Christian worldview is â€Å" It’s any ideology, philosophy, theology, movement or religion that provides an overarching approach to understanding God, the world and mans relations to God and the world, quoted by David Noebel, author of Understanding the Times. There are five questions that help justify our beliefs in the Christian/Biblical worldview. The first is the Question of Origin, which is how did life begin? In Genesis 1:1 and Psalms 139:13-16 it tells us about the beginning and the reason for all of creation. The second is the Question of Identity. Identity asks the question, who are we? Genesis 1:27 and Jeremiah 1:5 are scriptures that cover the question of Identity. Both tell us that we were made in Gods image and that before we were created we were appointed a prophet to the nations. The Third question is the Question of Meaning/Purpose. This question is asking why we are here. Everyone is born with a purpose for life. John 17:3 states we were put on earth so that we may come to know God. Another scripture is Galatians 5:13-14 which states we were called unto liberty by love to serve one another. The fourth question is the Question of Morality. The Question of Morality asks what is meant by right and wrong or good and bad? Ephesians 2:9-10 states that following Jesus is the best way to have righteous morals. When you follow Jesus, not men you don’t have to worry about what is right or wrong, you know! Acts 5:29 Peter and the Apostles say â€Å"we must obey God rather than men.† The last question is the Question of Destiny. The Question of Destiny asks is there life after death. A scripture that everyone knows that refers to destiny is John 3:16, it says â€Å"should not perish but have everlasting life.† The book of Revelations talks a lot about Destiny, a scripture that goes along with that is Revelation 21:3-5. In those scriptures it tells about how there will be life after death and no more crying or pain. The biblical worldview influences me to always do what Jesus would do and treat people the way I would want to be treated. I have been raised under those sayings and I raise my kids under them also.

Health Essays Alcoholism Drinking Health

Health Essays Alcoholism Drinking Health Alcoholism Drinking Health Definition Alcoholism is an illness marked by drinking alcoholic beverages at a level that interferes with physical health, mental health, and social, family, or occupational responsibilities. Alcoholism is divided into 2 categories: dependence and abuse. People with alcohol dependence, the most severe alcohol disorder, usually experience tolerance and withdrawal. Tolerance is a need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or the desired effect. Withdrawal occurs when alcohol is discontinued or intake is decreased. Alcohol dependents spend a great deal of time drinking alcohol, and obtaining it. Alcohol abusers may have legal problems such as drinking and driving. They may also have problems with binge drinking (drinking 6 or more drinks at one sitting). People who are dependent on or abuse alcohol continue to drink it despite evidence of physical or psychological problems. Those with dependence have more severe problems and a greater compulsion to drink. Alternative Names Alcohol dependence; Alcohol abuse Causes, incidence, and risk factors Alcoholism is a type of drug addiction. There is both physical and psychological dependence with this addiction. Physical dependence reveals itself by withdrawal symptoms when alcohol intake is interrupted, tolerance to the effects of alcohol, and evidence of alcohol-associated illnesses. Alcohol affects the central nervous system as a depressant, resulting in a decrease of activity, anxiety, tension, and inhibitions. Even a few drinks can result in behavioral changes, a slowing in motor performance, and a decrease in the ability to think clearly. Concentration and judgment become impaired. In excessive amounts, intoxication may result. Alcohol also affects other body systems. Irritation of the gastrointestinal tract can occur with erosion of the lining of the esophagus and stomach causing nausea and vomiting, and possibly bleeding. Vitamins are not absorbed properly, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies with the long-term use of alcohol. Liver disease, called alcoholic hepatitis, may also develop and can progress to cirrhosis. The heart muscle may be affected. Sexual dysfunction may also occur, causing problems with erections in men and cessation of menstruation in women. Alcohol affects the nervous system and can result in nerve damage and severe memory loss. Chronic alcohol use also increases the risk of cancer of the larynx, esophagus, liver, and colon. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause severe birth defects. The most serious is fetal alcohol syndrome, which may result in mental retardation and behavior problems. A milder form of the condition which can still cause lifelong impairment is called fetal alcohol affects. The social consequences of problem drinking and alcohol dependence can be as serious as the medical problems. People who abuse or are dependent on alcohol have a higher incidence of unemployment, domestic violence, and problems with the law. About half of all traffic deaths are related to alcohol use. The development of dependence on alcohol may occur over a period of years, following a relatively consistent pattern. At first, a tolerance of alcohol develops. This results in a person being able to consume a greater quantity of alcohol before its adverse effects are noticed. Memory lapses (black-outs) relating to drinking episodes may follow tolerance. Then, people may lose control over drinking and find it difficult or impossible to stop if they try. The most severe drinking behavior includes prolonged binges of drinking with associated mental or physical complications. Some people are able to gain control over their dependence in earlier phases before a total lack of control occurs. The problem is, no one knows which heavy drinkers will be able to regain control and which will not. Withdrawal develops because the brain has physically adapted to the presence of alcohol and cannot function adequately in the absence of the drug. Symptoms of withdrawal may include elevated temperature, increased blood pressure, rapid heart rate, restlessness, anxiety, psychosis, seizures, and rarely even death. There is no known common cause of alcoholism. However, several factors may play a role in its development. A person who has an alcoholic parent is more likely to become an alcoholic than a person without alcoholism in the immediate family. Research suggests that certain genes may increase the risk of alcoholism but which genes or how they exert their influence is controversial. Psychological factors may include a need for relief of anxiety, ongoing depression, unresolved conflict within relationships, or low self-esteem. Social factors include availability of alcohol, social acceptance of the use of alcohol, peer pressure, and stressful lifestyles. The incidence of alcohol intake and related problems is increasing. Data from many sources indicate that about 15% of the population in the United States are problem drinkers, and approximately 5% to 10% of male drinkers and 3% to 5% of female drinkers could be diagnosed as alcohol dependent (12.5 million people). Symptoms Men who consume 15 or more drinks a week, women who consume 12 or more drinks a week, or anyone who consumes 5 or more drinks per occasion at least once a week are all at risk for developing alcoholism. (One drink is defined as a 12-ounce bottle of beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or a 1 1/2-ounce shot of liquor). The following questions are used by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to screen for alcohol abuse or dependence: Have you felt that you should cut down on your drinking? Do you ever drive when you have been drinking? Is someone in your family concerned about your drinking? Have you ever had any blackouts after drinking? Have you ever been absent from work or lost a job because of drinking? Do you have to drink more than before to achieve intoxication or the desired effect? Some of the symptoms associated with alcoholism include: Drinking alone Making excuses to drink Need for daily or frequent use of alcohol for adequate function Lack of control over drinking, with inability to discontinue or reduce alcohol intake Episodes of violence associated with drinking Secretive behavior to hide alcohol related behavior Hostility when confronted about drinking Neglect of food intake Neglect of physical appearance Nausea and vomiting Shaking in the morning Abdominal pain Numbness and tingling Confusion Alcohol withdrawal symptoms vary from mild to severe and may include: Rapid heart rate and sweating Restlessness or agitation Loss of appetite, nausea, or vomiting Confusion or hallucinations Tremors and seizures Signs and tests All physicians should ask their patients about their drinking. A history may be obtained from family if the affected person is unwilling or unable to answer questions. A physical examination is performed to identify physical problems related to alcohol use. A toxicology screen or blood alcohol level confirms recent alcohol ingestion, which does not necessarily confirm alcoholism. Liver function tests can be elevated. GGPT (glutaryl transaminase) is often elevated more than other liver function tests. CBC (complete blood count) MCV can be elevated (mean corpuscular volume or size of the red blood cells). Serum magnesium, uric acid, total protein, and folate tests may be abnormal. Treatment Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers Many people with alcohol problems dont recognize when their drinking gets out of hand. In the past, treatment providers believed that alcoholics should be confronted about denial of their drinking problems, but now research has shown that compassionate and empathetic counseling is more effective. Three general steps are involved in treating the alcoholic once the disorder has been diagnosed: intervention, detoxification, and rehabilitation. Research finds that the traditional confrontational intervention where the employer or family members surprise the alcoholic and threaten consequences if treatment is not begun is NOT effective. Studies find that more people enter treatment if their family members or employers are honest with them about their concerns, and try to help them to see that drinking is preventing them from reaching their goals. Once the problem has been recognized, total abstinence from alcohol is required for those who are dependent; for those who are problem drinkers, moderation may be successful. Since many alcoholics initially refuse to believe that their drinking is out of control, a trial of moderation can often be an effective way to deal with the problem. If it succeeds, the problem is solved. If not, the person is usually ready to try abstinence. Because alcoholism affects the people closely related to the alcoholic person, treatment for family members through counseling is often necessary. Detoxification is the first phase of treatment. Withdrawal from alcohol is done in a controlled, supervised setting in which medications relieve symptoms. Detoxification usually takes 4 to 7 days. Examination for other medical problems is necessary. For example, liver and blood clotting problems are common. A balanced diet with vitamin supplements is important. Complications associated with the acute withdrawal of alcohol may occur, such as delirium tremens (DTs), which could be fatal. Depression or other underlying mood disorders should be evaluated and treated. Often, alcohol abuse develops from efforts to self-treat an illness. Alcohol recovery or rehabilitation programs support the affected person after detoxification to maintain abstinence from alcohol. Counseling, psychological support, nursing, and medical care are usually available within these programs. Education about the disease of alcoholism and its effects is part of the therapy. Many of the professional staff involved in rehabilitation centers are recovering alcoholics who serve as role models. Programs can be either inpatient, with the patient residing in the facility during the treatment, or outpatient, with the patient attending the program while they live at home. Medications are sometimes prescribed to prevent relapses. Naltrexone (Vivitrol) is an opioid antagonist that decreases alcohol cravings. In April 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved an injected form of the drug. Disulfiram (Antabuse) works by producing very unpleasant side effects if even a small amount of alcohol is ingested within 2 weeks after taking the drug. Acomprosate is a new drug that has been shown to lower relapse rates in those who are alcohol dependent. These medications are not given during pregnancy or if the person has certain medical conditions. Long-term treatment with counseling or support groups is often necessary. The effectiveness of medication and counseling varies. Alcoholics Anonymous is a self-help group of recovering alcoholics that offers emotional support and an effective model of abstinence for people recovering from alcohol dependence. There are more than 1 million members worldwide, and local chapters are found throughout the United States. Al-Anon is a support group for spouses and others who are affected by someone elses alcoholism. Alateen provides support for teenage children of alcoholics. See alcoholism support group. For those who dont like the 12-step approach, there are several other support groups available. It is important that people dealing with alcohol problems know about these other groups because in the past, those who did not find AA helpful or were troubled by its requirement of submission to a Higher Power had no alternatives. SMART recovery uses research-based cognitive techniques to help alcoholics recover. LifeRing recovery and SOS are two other secular programs. Women For Sobriety is a self-help group just for women many female alcoholics have different concerns than men. Moderation Management is a program for problem drinkers seeking to moderate their drinking it recommends abstinence for those who fail at such attempts. Support Groups Members of AA have help available 24 hours a day, associate with a sober peer group, learn that it is possible to participate in social functions without drinking, and are given a model of recovery by observing the accomplishments of sober members of the group. Other support groups are smaller, but growing, and all have an online presence which provides support even at home late at night. Expectations (prognosis) Alcoholism is a major social, economic, and public health problem. Alcohol is involved in more than half of all accidental deaths and almost half of all traffic deaths. A high percentage of suicides involve the use of alcohol in combination with other substances. Additional deaths are related to the long-term medical complications associated with the disease. Only 15% of those with alcohol dependence seek treatment for this disease. Relapse after treatment is common, so it is important to maintain support systems in order to cope with any slips and ensure that they dont turn into complete reversals. Treatment programs have varying success rates, but many people with alcohol dependency have a full recovery. Complications Pancreatitis Heart muscle damage Nerve damage Esophageal bleeding Brain degeneration Cirrhosis of the liver Delirium tremens (DTs) Depression Erectile dysfunction Fetal alcohol syndrome in the offspring of alcoholic women High blood pressure Increased incidence of cancer Insomnia Nutritional deficiencies Suicide Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Calling your health care provider If severe confusion, seizures, bleeding, or other health problems develop in a person known or who is suspected to have alcohol dependence take the person to the emergency room or call the local emergency number such as 911. Prevention Educational programs and medical advice about alcohol abuse have been successful in decreasing alcohol abuse and its associated problems. Alcohol dependency requires more intensive management. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism recommends that women have no more than 1 drink per day and men no more than 2 drinks per day. One drink is defined as a 12-ounce bottle of beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or a 1 1/2-ounce shot of liquor. The Healthline Site, its content, such as text, graphics, images, search results, HealthMaps, Trust Marks, and other material contained on the Healthline Site (Content), its services, and any information or material posted on the Healthline Site by third parties are provided for informational purposes only. None of the foregoing is a substitute for professional medical advice, examination, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on the Healthline Site. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately. Please read the Terms of Service for more information regarding use of the Healthline Site.

Opera Essay -- essays research papers fc

Imagine you are in a darkened theater and on stage are the actors. Behind the actors you can see the scenery. Down in front of the stage, in what is called the pit, is an orchestra and a conductor. As the orchestra plays, the actors on stage do not speak their lines they sing them! Opera is the combination of drama and music. Like drama, opera embraces the entire spectrum of theatrical elements: dialogue, acting, costumes, scenery and action, but it is the sum of all these elements, combined with music, which defines the art form called opera. Operatic dramas are usually serious, but there are several comic operas and funny scenes in tragic operas. The music is usually complicated and difficult to sing well. Only the most skillful singers can handle it. The cast is usually made up of main characters (the soloists) and a chorus (a group of singers who act as a crowd of people involved in the action of the plot). Some operas have scenes in which dancing is performed by a small ballet group. Operas usually begin with an overture - an introduction played by the orchestra alone. Once the curtain goes up, the soloists and chorus sing throughout most of the drama. Arias (songs sung by soloists) are the important points in an opera. In an aria, a character sings about his or her feelings and thoughts, or about what he or she is going to do. Between arias, the soloists may sing back and fourth to each other in a kind of musical discussion called recitatives. Besides singing arias, soloists often join together to sing duets, trios, quartets, quintets, or sextets at various points in the opera. The chorus usually has several songs to sing, either alone or with the soloists. The music follows the action and mood of the plot. Operas are usually performed in special buildings called opera houses. A choreographer creates the dances, and the chorus master rehearses the singers. The conductor leads the entire opera performance from his or her place in the pit. The soloists, chorus members and the dancers follow the directions of the conductor. The ancient Greeks blended drama and music, but opera as we know it today developed in Italy in the late 1500s. At first, the music was used mainly for background. However, by the end of the century, the drama and the music were equally important. The opera innovation inspired some of the biggest composers known today. In France, Je... ...); and Puccini’s Madame Butterfly (1904); to list just a few. Famous recording opera stars include Enrico Caruso, Maria Callas, Dame Joan Sutherland, Dame Kiri Te Kanawa, Plà ¡cido Domingo, Luciano Pavarotti, and Josà © Carreras. During the 400-year history of modern opera, there have been many improvements in the art of music drama. Throughout its history opera has exerted great influence on other forms of music. The symphony, for example, began as an instrumental introduction to 18th-century Italian opera. The cadenzas of violin and piano concertos emerged, in large part, from an attempt to replicate some of opera's vocal intensity. Opera will continue to be a dynamic art form. Bibliography Boynick, Matt. â€Å"Richard Wagner -List of Works by Genre and Title.†Richard Wagner. 1996 Feb. 1. http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/wagner.html Buckman, Jan H. J.S. â€Å"George Frederic Handel.† Handel Homepage. 2005 Jan. http://www.let.rug.nl/Linguistics/diversen/handel/map.html Kamien, Roger. Music: An Appreciation. New York, NY: 2004 Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. Greatest Composers. New York: Pocket, 1993. Sturgeon, Theodore. "Opera." The Encyclopedia Americana. International ed. 1995.

Intangible Justice is in the Soul Essay -- Essays Papers

Intangible Justice is in the Soul Plato’s Republic, although officially divided into ten books, can be separated into two very distinct sections. The first section, roughly spanning Books I through IV, contains a rather tangible investigation of justice in practice. Namely, the section considers what acts or occurrences are just, either in a city or in a man. The second section, beginning around Book V and continuing through the end of the dialogue, deals with the much more abstract issue of justice in a soul. The backbone of this section is the Allegory of the Cave, and the establishment of the philosopher. Within these discussions, a new concept of justice is revealed which proves to be the most profound in the dialogue, and comes closest to answering the question of Socrates’ success in convincing Glaucon and Adeimantus that it pays to be just. The discussion surrounding the Allegory of the Cave, known well independently of the Republic, begins as an attempt by Socrates to â€Å"make an image of our nature in its education and want of education.† (Plato, Republic[1], 514a[2]). Here, Socrates begins to emphasize the connection between the nature of human education and justice—a theme that will become a central element in the definition of justice that the Allegory produces. The Allegory itself begins with a description of people raised in a dark cave who can see only the shadows that a fire behind them projects onto the wall they are perpetually facing. The images the people see, the â€Å"puppets† (514b), are all they have ever known, and are therefore thought of as reality, and not a filtered version void of details. Socrates, in fact, calls the people â€Å"prisoners† (514a). Socrates then turns the tables and, perhaps signal... ...mention of the benefits of keeping one’s soul free of chaos, Socrates shies away from actually addressing whether it pays or not to be just. The very fact that the second unofficial section of the Republic, which proves to be more dominant than the first, deals with justice in the soul furthers this phenomenon. In the end, justice is in a person’s soul and has little to no connection with the tangible world, and therefore cannot provide tangible benefits to following or disobeying it. This is the real message of the Republic. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Plato. Republic. Trans. Allan Bloom. Basic Books, 1968. [2] Stephanus numbers and letters used to cite all works of Plato. They will be used to cite all further quotes from Plato’s Republic. [3] This is in fact the definition of an allegory.

Obesity Essay

Obesity is an eating disorder and a condition where your Body Mass Index (BMI) is 30 or greater. It is genetic or it depends on your eating habits. This can affect your mental, psychological and physical health leaving you with inabilities to cope up with your daily life. The causes that affect people include lack of breath, having difficulties to sleep, increased sweating, snoring, inability to cope with sudden physical activity, feeling very tired and fatigued every day, and finally back pains.Some symptoms include high blood pressure, high cholesterol problems, heart diseases which lead to heart attacks and fatal strokes which can make you disabled are mainly caused by your inability to exercise . People may have lack of breath because when they breathe, they might not get back enough oxygen for it to go all parts of the body. They might have difficulty to sleep due to lack of breath, snore loudly since they get very tired easily. They get fatigued really easily because they donâ €™t have a lot of energy. They have back pains because they might need to walk a lot.They might have long term problems like high blood pressure, cholesterol, heart attacks and fatal strokes because of their eating habits and their inability to exercise. Obesity can be overcome through a technology called adjustable stomach band which is the safe process replacing stomach stapling as it is very unsafe. Gastric Banding is when they attach a band to your lower part of the torso and they tighten. This works because it triggers your senses not to eat food which makes you thinner and light. After the procedure, which tkes an hor to complete, the doctor can adjust the band so it keeps the size of your new smaller body.Gastric Balloon is a non-surgical way of overcoming obesity. The put a tiny balloon in your mouth and they make you drink a special liquid called â€Å"sterile saline fluid† to expand it. When the balloon is full it will float freely in your body. It takes about s ix months to complete as it is not as effective as gastric banding. This can also cause many health threat as mentioned above. Another process that can help overcome obesity is gastric stapling surgery. It works by them stapling 2 special staples which creates a small pouch where they put a gastric band according to the size you want your new body to be.This solves the problem because it help you to resist eating fat foods and tells your body to work out more. After the procedure, they remove the staples but the band still stays for two more weeks to ensure your body size remains the same. It is very unsafe as it has caused many fatalities as they staples came out and they stomach burst. This is also referred to as gastric stomach stapling. I chose gastric sleeve as it is safe compared to other processes used to lose weight and get rid of your weight pretty slowly compared to other procedures like gastric banding and stapling.It helps you lose the weight faster but is more expensive . It is less complicated rather than stapling your stomach through staples and ensure you out the staples in the correct position and place the band in the correct part and they make it the correct length depending on your weight and BMI. The Gastric Sleeve is used for people who have a BMI of more than 38. It is used to loose weight extra fast as it keeps only 25% of your original body size. The Neel Bagai 8. 4 (T3) procedure takes about a year and a half to complete. It solves the problem by losing 3/4 of your weight.Positive Impacts of Gastric Sleeve: It is safe to do as it is less complicated as they don’t have to cut anything or place anything You don’t need any special devices like a gastric band while the surgery is going on. Negative Effects of the Gastric Sleeve: This has many side effects like you start vomiting, diarrhea and dumping syndrome by becoming moody and your attitude starts to change. Effects: This affects the economy because it costs about US $10, 000 for the surgery but of you need to do gastric banding surgery afterwards, you need to pay an extra $7,000.You even need to take both medical and life insurance, which is optional. Doctors recommend it as it can have medical effects on you. This affects the world socially as you might have to take some time off work to see doctors biweekly for them to see if any problems have occurred with the gastric sleeve. He will even question you about you going through any side effects. After every two months, with the results, he will decide if the gastric sleeve will need to be removed from your torso.

Computer Based Nutrition Education Program In Pakistan

The present survey was typical in three facets. For the first clip, computer-based nutrition instruction intercession was applied and evaluated in the Pakistan primary school scene. Second, the acceptableness of the computer-based nutrition instruction plan in a Pakistan context was explored. Third, the comparing of the present survey informations with informations of Vienna survey was carried out. In the instance of the first facet, the survey successfully demonstrated that the kids could larn nutrition constructs and healthy eating wonts in a lively and interesting environment. As respects the 2nd facet, the survey found that the kids and instructors were both positive and receptive to the computer-based nutrition instruction intercession. However, important barriers were identified that negatively impact the acceptableness of computer-based instruction, therefore finally, impacting its pertinence in the Pakistani primary schools. In instance of the 3rd facet, the comparative analysis helped to construe farther the survey consequences in the broader planetary context. Since, in the present survey the nutrition cognition increased in both groups, this implies that usage of computing machine based nutrition instruction did non confabulate any extra advantage in the acquisition of nutrition constructs. Children do non like being inactive scholars. Rather, they learn through active engagement in the acquisition procedure. The intercession presented the nutrition constructs in concrete signifiers and through motivation and ambitious activities, which ensured the kids ‘s active engagement. In the visible radiation of this consequence, it can be justly inferred that irrespective of the bringing manner, originative, actuating and age appropriate nutrition instruction programmes can ease the acquisition of womb-to-tomb nutrition constructs and healthy feeding wonts. Such acquisition has more possible to be efficaciously translated into pattern. As nutrition constructs are abstract and kids at the concrete operational phase happen them difficult to grok, set uping advanced and originative methods to learn kids about healthy feeding wonts are important. Matheson and Spangler ( 2001 ) in a reappraisal of 30 nutrition academic course of study suggest that half of the plans incorporated the component of wonder and challenge to convey the nutrition content. The consequence of present survey supports the determination that usage of originative methods increases kids ‘s ability to larn and hold on nutrition constructs efficaciously and easy and are consistent with the research. ( DiSogra, L. , Reger, B, 2002 ) Low nutrition position of Pakistani kids is richly documented in literature. However, it is barren of any reference about the nutrition cognition of these kids. The present survey fills this spread by supplying informations about the bing degree of nutrition cognition of kids in Pakistan. It provides grounds that nutrition cognition of Pakistani kids is really low. Furthermore, it demonstrates that this country can be successfully targeted and alteration can be achieved with comparatively few extra resources. Besides the fact that the present survey was unable in set uping any extra acquisition advantage of computer-based nutrition instruction, it demonstrated that kids were really receptive towards utilizing the computing machines as a learning device. They regarded acquisition of nutrition constructs through computing machines as interesting and entertaining. Generally, in Pakistan, ‘learning to run computing machines ‘ is considered the chief intent of incorporating computing machines in schools. A valuable result of the present survey is hence making off with the bing impression and replacing it with the thought ‘learning through computing machines ‘ alternatively. In this regard, the usage of computing machine as a medium of acquisition was new to the kids. As ascertained and discussed during the focal point group treatments, they faced some troubles utilizing computing machines on their ain. The success of computer-based instruction is non dependent upon the quality or measure of the engineering but instead upon the scholar ‘s attitude and preparedness to utilize it. The present universe is the universe of engineering and there is demand to develop kids ‘s competency in computing machine related engineering. Provision of instruction stuff through computing machines may function a double intent – sweetening of larning in the peculiar topic every bit good as competency in the usage of computing machine engineering. As discussed in focal point group, although pupil instructors had some basic computing machine accomplishments, they were non really comfy utilizing computing machines as a instruction tool. This indicated their deficiency of computing machine efficaciousness. However, during the intercession, they realized the potency of computing machines as a instruction tool and showed willingness to utilize computing machines in their instruction. Considering, their deficiency of computing machine efficiency implies that in order to incorporate computing machines successfully in the Pakistani instruction system, instructors must acknowledge the importance of runing computing machines. Furthermore, they should familiarise themselves with computing machines as a instruction tool. The successful integrating of computer-based instruction is mostly dependent on instructor ‘s attitudes towards computing machines and their preparedness to utilize them in learning ( Deniz L, 2007 ) . The survey highlighted the jobs confronting computer-based instruction, including deficiency of computing machine related accomplishments in instructors and kids, frequent power dislocations, deficiency of support from school disposals and deficiency of computing machine equipment and related substructure. This brings to illume the fact that integrating of computing machines in Pakistani instruction system requires comprehensive be aftering sing physical substructure and instructor ‘s preparation every bit good as ongoing rating and feedback. There are evidently more opportunities of today ‘s instructors and pupils working with computing machines in schoolrooms of the hereafter. Therefore, there is demand to develop an consciousness for integrating computer-based instruction methods since the beginning. Computer-literate and computer-comfortable instructors are important for the effectual integrating of computing machines in instruction. This can be achieved by constructing up their assurance and bettering their computing machine self-efficacy through supplying them exposure to computing machines during their preparation. Such exposure will be helpful in developing the willingness to utilize computing machines in schoolrooms. Given an history of the socio economic position and nutrition Knowledge, the research besides adds to the bing organic structure of cognition. Much of such literature has focused on developed states. However, the present research was managed to set up in the Pakistani context that kids belonging to take down socioeconomic position had significantly lower nutrition cognition as compared to those who belong to high socioeconomic position. Low socioeconomic position along with low nutrition related cognition and hapless life manner habits contributes to the hapless nutrition of the persons. An extra determination, worthy of raising in the context of the decision, is significant addition in kids ‘s nutrition cognition and keeping at post-intervention and followup without being cognizant of the repeat of the nutrition cognition questionnaire. In Pakistan, instructors and pupils both focus on grade-oriented larning instead than conceptual acquisition. Therefore, a strong accent is placed on scrutiny consequences. This phenomenon makes kids dressed ore and learn merely those parts of the course of study that they consider relevant to the test. However, the present survey reveals a different facet from the predominating state of affairs, which implies that kids can larn and retain cognition without memorisation and acquisition by rote. The comparing of the present survey consequences with the Vienna survey consequences revealed two really of import facets. First, in footings of nutrition cognition at baseline, the survey identified that nutrition cognition of Pakistani kids is really low as compared to the kids in Vienna survey. It signifies the insufficiency of Pakistani school course of study in peculiar and society in general in supplying cognition related to nutrition and healthy feeding to kids. In add-on, it draws attending to develop efficacious schemes to integrate nutrition instruction in the primary school course of study. It is an established fact that the nutrition constructs learnt early in life are more good in ulterior life. Knowledge is the first measure towards the realisation of healthy eating wonts. Second, in literature, the Pakistani kids larning accomplishment are reported every bit low as compared to the international criterions ( Jishnu Das, 2006 ) . Interestingly, the comparing of post-intervention nutrition cognition consequences between Lahore survey and Vienna survey presented a different image. Children in the present survey attained more nutrition cognition tonss as compared to the kids of Vienna survey. Hence, proposing that the ascertained forms of low accomplishment of Pakistani kids could non be entirely attributed to their low rational competence. Indubitably, when advanced and interesting schemes are employed to learn kids, they can bring forth equal acquisition consequences. The survey consequences have provided a strong foundation for integrating nutrition instruction intercession in primary schools. Computer-based tools were found helpful in circulating nutrition instruction. However, they were non the Panacea. Other originative mediums were about every bit effectual in circulating nutrition cognition. Even though, the survey was unable to corroborate extra advantage of computer-based nutrition instruction in the acquisition of nutrition constructs, it would non sabotage the potency of computing machines in the context of the Pakistan school scene.RecommendationsSince the survey successfully demonstrated that kids ‘s nutrition cognition can be increased with the usage of both computer-based tools and other advanced and actuating schemes, the undermentioned recommendations for incorporation of nutrition instruction and computer-based instruction in Pakistan should be considered.Recommendations for patternThe determination that nutrition cognition of Pakistani kids is low justifies pressing inclusion of nutrition instruction in order to develop self-efficacy and inculcate accomplishments of healthy nutrient choice and readying in the primary school course of study. Sing this, the higher governments need to admit the importance of nutrition instruction and must incorporate nutrition instruction in primary schools course of study. The well low degree nutrition cognition in pupil instructors besides calls for attending. Nutrition instruction should be included in the instructors developing course of study. Incorporation of nutrition instruction in instructors developing will turn out good in developing consciousness in the community through kids. Furthermore, it is strongly recommended that instructors developing course of study should be revised. It should integrate comprehensive preparation sing the usage of computing machines as a instruction tool. In developing nutrition plans, more importance should be given to the kids of low socioeconomic position.Recommendations for future researchAs the present survey was the lone survey of its sort in the Pakistan context, there is demand for farther research to confirm these findings. This is advised in order to determine whether similar findings will be found utilizing other computer-based nutrition instruction plans. Due to the clip and resource restraints, the survey did non try to research the effects of nutrition cognition on alteration in dietetic behaviour. Future surveies are extremely recommended in order to research this facet. The hereafter surveies to find the effectivity of computer-based nutrition instruction should include varied clip spans for the intercession. Further research needs to be conducted, which addresses the effectivity of computer-based nutrition instruction among other age groups ( stripling, elderly ) and kids in different scenes ( public schools, rural countries ) . Follow-up after one or two twelvemonth ‘s continuance should be conducted to find the consequence of computer-based instruction on cognition addition. Future surveies need to research the link between nutrition cognition, attitudes and dietetic behaviour specifically in the Pakistani population. There is besides need to research the relationship between parent nutrition cognition and kids nutrition cognition and dietetic wonts.