The Impact Of Social Work On The Elderly - 1684 Words

When you think about social work, you come to mind of professionals stepping in to help families, communities and organizations. I neglect consider the elderly and put them last in need of care and assistance. In terms of the idea about social work with the elderly it has a small impact. The role of the social worker has a part of administrative requirements. Throughout the period of time and development of social work there is casework that deal with the elderly. The practice of this that deal with the elderly had very little recognition until it was carried out by the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 (Jordan, 2005, pp. 43). Social work in Canadian seniors is that the aging can be attributed to the three factors that†¦show more content†¦This shows that Canada does excellent benefit services and welfare of the elderly that are low income. The Canada Pension Plan (CPP) retirement pension provides a monthly benefit to eligible applicants. Also, the Private pension plans provide workers with retirement income to increase their income from public pension plans. Many business pension funds now underfunded; may be unable to pay out to retirees. There is concern that Old Age Security/Guaranteed Income Supplement are no longer adequate. Since 2008 financial crisis led to drop in value of RRSP investments. This challenges the pension system and the elderly that need social assistance and a way of living becomes more difficult in the process. Life expectancy has doubled over the past 100 years. Majority of seniors do not engage in behaviours harmful to their health. There is a health gap between seniors with low incomes and those with higher incomes. Seniors face a number of common issues: Inactivity, accidents, victims of fraud and mandatory retirement. Elder abuse and neglect of seniors is the mistreatment of older people by those in a position of trust, power, or responsibility for their care. Neglect is frequently associated with abuse. Abuse may take place in the home or institutional setting. Institutional Abuse is any act or omission directed at a resident that causes the person harm, or that wrongfully deprives that person of his or her independence. Social work in the long term care settingsShow MoreRelatedPeople’s Experiences of Death and Dying Are Profoundly Affected by Social and Cultural Differences.1570 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction People’s experiences of death and dying are profoundly affected by social and cultural differences. Socio-economic factors such as standard of living, economic infrastructure, diet, environmental disasters, war, sexual pervasiveness, disease etc all interconnect to affect the way in which they frame an individual’s experience of death and dying. The unequal distribution of resource throughout the world and the differing levels of food shortage, disease, war and natural disasters needRead MoreThe Role Of A Social Worker And The Elderly Population957 Words   |  4 PagesSocial work is a profession that focuses on all ages, ethnicities, and culture. The role of a social worker includes core values, human rights, social justice and problem solving. When I chose to seek a degree in social work I did not know all of the ramifications that would follow. However, I did know that I wanted to work with children. The day I became a mother I knew it was my purpose to eventually work with children in some capacity. Once I started taking pre-social work classes I learned soRead MoreTh e Effects Of Media On Children s Mental And Physical Health1228 Words   |  5 Pages2010 (AARP) . There are many risks that isolation causes for everyone but it is even more detrimental to the elderly. Major risks from isolation are an increased risk of mortality adults aged 52 older along having a large impact in high blood pressure (social). This is due to the crippling effects that isolation can have on a person’s mental and physical health. There are several academic works that support these claims because of the overall risks that isolation poses on everyone’s health. While isolationRead MoreEssay on Market Forces Affecting The Long-Term Care Industry1585 Words   |  7 Pagesof the markets in which they operate and to re-evaluate their marketing strategies. Demographic shifts, sociological phenomena, medical advances, new government influences and competition are impacting the manner in which care is provided to the elderly and subsequently creating changes in consumer expectations and demands for long-term care services. As with any industry in a period of transition, changes will create new business opportunities for those who understand and capitalize on changingRead MoreImpacts of an Aging Population1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe impacts of an aging population on a country An aging population is where the population of a country is of a high elderly dependence. There are three main ways to split the ways they are sorted and these are Social, the ways in which the elderly population affect the people around them, political, the ways in which the elderly population affect the politics of a country, and finally, economic, the ways in which the elderly population affect the wealth of the country. Social impacts can beRead MoreThe Lingering Effects of Stereotyping831 Words   |  3 Pagesfocus are: women are untrustworthy; all White Americans are rich; and the elderly population is useless. The first stereotype is that women cannot be trusted. Often arguments to support this stereotype come from media representation in television, film, and otherwise. Women are often represented as liars who have intercourse outside of marriage or a relationship. Women are also represented as duplicitous among their social circles, particularly while a part of peers groups consisting of only womenRead MoreIncrease in Elderly Population Report826 Words   |  3 Pageslongevity. This increase in the elderly population can be seen around the world and will have a significant impact on medical institutions, society, and the economy. As we grow older, our immune system begins to deteriorate in one of two ways. It can become negligent, allowing abnormal cells such as cancer cells to multiply/grow unchecked. Or it may become overzealous; attacking our normal tissues much like an autoimmune disease. This deterioration is what causes the elderly to become more pronged toRead MoreThe Effects Of Ageism On The Delivery Of Nursing Care For The Older Person1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe aim of this essay is to provide the audience with an understanding of ageism in healthcare by critically analyzing the impact of ageism on the delivery of nursing care for the older person. This essay will be based from the perspective of the impact of a registered nurse’s ageist behaviour on the older patient, the nursing care of the older patient and the impact on colleagues in the health care team. This essay will also discuss theories and relevant principles of ageism, nursing care andRead MoreRetirement Is A Transitional Ph ase Associated With An Aging Population1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe elderly that is forced to work well past the age of retirement. In reality, most elderly cannot work, and those who can work, live in or near poverty. Such social issues can be attributed to the government. For example, the huge federal deficit which threatens the quality of life for retirees. The social security program which promises benefits for retirees, that is not affordable. Medical insurance program cuts that will impact healthcare for retirees. These are just some of the social issuesRead MoreSocial Policies : A Policy s Success Or Failures1286 Words   |  6 Pages There are different approaches and methods used to evaluate social policies. Social policies can be evaluated for many reasons including: tracking a policy’s progression or tracing a policy’s successes or failures. There is limited research concerning any significant differences in how social policies are evaluated in terms of method, compared to other policies such health or public policy. Yet the approach to designing of a particularly can subjective during an evaluation in terms of what exactly

Analyse How the Film ‘The Matrix’ presents two Different Versions of Reality Free Essays

We are presented with two different versions of reality. In one we get the feeling of everything being enclosed and lifeless, this is the Matrix which is a computer program designed as a trap for human minds. In it people have no individuality; they are all just part of the system. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse How the Film ‘The Matrix’ presents two Different Versions of Reality or any similar topic only for you Order Now The other reality is a harsh post apocalyptic one where computers have enslaved humanity and the sky is dark. This reality is when humans are conscious and no longer part of the Matrix. In the first scene I analysed the, the camera moves along a split section of a wall next to Neo’s office until he comes into view. This reminds us that there are walls all around and he is enclosed, this is important because it shows that in the Matrix people are enclosed to make them easier to control. The office he is in is very bland and the lighting is subdued to give the feeling of oppression, this demonstrates how the Matrix has been designed to be dull and uninspiring. The walls parting the office Neo works in are very short allowing people to see over them, this gives the impression of being watched all the time. When the delivery man enters the scene and gives Neo the package it is all done in a monotonous way. Neo and the delivery man do not make eye contact and even when the delivery man talks to Neo he does so in an emotionless way. This accentuates how people in the Matrix act like machines and tend not to show much human emotion. Neo opens the package to find a mobile phone inside. The phone rings as soon as neo opens it, this makes it seem like whoever is phoning him is watching him. When Neo answers the phone music starts, it is a fast beat but not very loud, this builds tension and helps make the mood more exciting. Morpheus speaks to Neo and tells him to look over his office wall, as he does this, the camera cuts to what he is looking at. Neo sees the agents talking to a woman. The music turns into a dramatic drum roll as the agents come into view; this builds drama in the scene and shows that the agents are not good. The agents are wearing black suits which contrast against the cream walls of the office and normal clothes everyone else are wearing. This shows us that they are important and not just normal people. The agents also wear sunglasses, eyes are an important part of the human face and are in some cultures said to be windows to the soul. By dressing the agents in sunglasses I think the director intended to make them less human and without a soul like machines. The agents all turn their heads in unison to look at Neo, this is very abnormal and creepy, and it makes them look as though they are all one unit. Neo quickly ducks down to stop the agents from seeing him. We see Neo crouching on the phone; the camera gives us an aerial view of Neo. The way we see him crouching in the corner of his office with no where to escape, like a caged animal is like a metaphor for the Matrix being like a Zoo for humans. As Neo leaps into a cubical on instruction from Morpheus the music slows down and Neo hides in a dark corner. The slow music makes the audience relax slightly and the dark lights emphasises that Neo is hiding away. As Neo then runs around the office the music gets much faster and builds excitement and energy. The camera tracks Neo as he runs away which makes the office look like a maze. The maze could also be interpreted as the Matrix with Morpheus is guiding him out of to escape from the agents, this mirrors what happens in the film when Morpheus really does guide Neo out of the Matrix. I think that by making the Matrix look like a dull, lifeless place the directors were trying to show us that the matrix was designed to be un-stimulating and mind controlling to stop people questioning their reality, so they don’t realise that they are in the Matrix and learn how to control it to escape. The program gives people just enough stimulation to keep their minds occupied while the computers use their bodies for energy. When the scene on Morpheus’s ship first starts the screen is black and we hear Morpheus’s voice. This makes it feel as if we are hearing him through the ears of someone who is asleep. The light then gets very bright then fades to a shot of Trinity. The way the light is very bright then fades makes it seem like someone waking up because when you open your eyes after a deep sleep everything seems too bright and hurts your eyes. The shot of Trinity comes from an angle where Neo is laying which makes it seem like we are seeing her through his eyes. We then see an aerial view of Neo’s head. He looks very pale and the bed he is laying on is a dark background which makes a contrast to his pale skin, this shows us that he hasn’t been exposed to any or much light. He also has no hair with shows he hasn’t been growing properly. The fact that he has no hair and is pale also makes him look like a new born baby, this metaphorically expresses how being taken out of the Matrix and coming into the real world is like being reborn. When we see the machines he is being monitored by he looks like a new born baby being kept in an incubator which demonstrates how weak he must be. The music is much slower and calmer in contrast to the fast energetic music that is heard in the matrix. This could be because time is more real in this world and is passing slower. As the camera cuts to different shots of Neo it fades out to black then back in, this could be portraying how time is moving slowly. The fading could also be Neo fading in and out of consciousness. It could have been intended by the directors to look like a hallucinatory affect, as if Neo was dreaming and only semi-conscious. When we see the side shot of Neo we see lots of long needles protruding from his body. The needles reminisce ones used in acupuncture which is an ancient art, mixed with a blue light that shines on Neo to give a futuristic feel. This illustrates the very old mixing with the new to impress upon the audience how science and medicine have moved on and become more advanced through the years, but not forgotten the old techniques like acupuncture. When Neo talks to Morpheus we see he has grown some hair, this shows us that a lot of time has passed. The music is very calm which sets a mood of security. The camera tracks along Neo’s body showing all of the holes and instruments sticking out of him, this shows us that Neo has never used his muscles before so the medical equipment is helping him grow some faster. The fact that he has things sticking in his skin and going beneath the skin show us how things are real, but in the Matrix people are just digital projections of their minds. It’s like when you pinch yourself to make sure you are not dreaming. The scene ends by fading to black again which could mean Neo is drifting out of consciousness or that time is passing. How to cite Analyse How the Film ‘The Matrix’ presents two Different Versions of Reality, Papers

Generation in Collaborative Online Learning Environments

Question: Discuss about the Generation in Collaborative Online Learning Environments. Answer: Introduction: The primary purpose of the team is to gain a practical knowledge on the subject of project management. The other aim of this project is to enhance the decision-making capacity of the team members. With the help of this project, the analytical knowledge and time management capacity of the team members can be increased. At the same time, this project is one of the essential parts of the education system. Hence, maintaining the rule of educational system is another purpose of this project. Duration and Time Commitment The total duration of the project is 1 month. In the first 5 days, the team members have studied the subject to gain in-depth knowledge about the subject. After that, the team members have selected the particular project of Gen-Com Pvt. Ltd. on 6th day. In next 7 days, the team members have collected the required data for this particular project. The team members have taken total 10 days to analyze the data that has collected from various sources. The team members have taken 7 days more to prepare the final draft of the project. Scope The team members of this project have huge scope to enhance their knowledge and expertise with the help of this project. The team members get the idea of the strategies taken in the real business world. At the same time, the team members of this project can know about the issues that the business organizations face in the practical business world. This practical knowledge is very helpful for the future educational and career growth of the team members. On the other side, the situation analyzing capacity, time management capacity and project organizing capacity of the members are enhanced. Members There are two members in the team. Both members belong to same educational background and same University. Desired end Result The project desires to identify the answers of the research questions, which are set by the team members in the beginning of the project. Therefore, at the end, it is expected that the project will identify the popularity of Gen-Com Pvt. Ltd in the global telecom industry. At the same time, it is also expected that the project will identify the amount of money that the customers spend for paying their post-paid or pre-paid bill. On the other side, the project will also focus on the satisfaction level of the customers of Gen-Com regarding the current payment mode of paying the pre-paid or post-paid bill. Supporting Resources This project is done by taking the help from various sources. The data and information have been collected from various secondary sources like, journals, articles and the official websites of Gen-Com Pvt. Ltd. Apart from that, the team members also took help from the supervisor at the time of preparing the project. Reporting Plan The team has provided weekly report to the supervisor regarding the progress of the project. The team members have reported about the journals and article that are used in the project. Deliverables At the end of the project, the team members will deliver a complete project of 8 pages. The complete project will include the detail information about the new service of Gen-Com Pvt. Ltd. At the same time, the project will provide a detail analysis of the possible risks of the company. Bibliography Lumpe, A., Wicks, D., Henrikson, R., Baliram, N. (2015, October). Semantic Text Theme Generation in Collaborative Online Learning Environments. InProceedings of E-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Learn: World Conference on E-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education(pp. 1679-1684). Singleton, J. K., Santomasino, M., Slyer, J. T. (2015). A team process to support interprofessional care.Journal of Interprofessional Education Practice,1(1), 28-31.

Poor quality exports

Despite the fact that poor quality products are banned for sale in the United States and Europe, these products still find their way into other markets outside the stated markets. Some countries, especially the developing countries, are thus being flooded with recycled, old, obsolete or damaged goods from the international markets.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Poor quality exports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This poses a very big problem to local producers in such countries and it is also a potential time bomb that is bound to weaken international trade ties. With the contemporary efforts that companies and countries are making towards getting a share of the international market, the aforementioned habitual exportation of poor quality goods is bound to phase itself out. Developing countries have been fairly associated with all sorts of problems. These countries are normally subjected to unfair trade agree ments by other countries that offer them development assistance. It is these agreements that pave way for importation of poor quality goods in the developing countries. A development partner may offer to aid a given developing country to construct roads with the terms that all the materials to be used in this project will come from the country undertaking the project. This attracts exploitation of the developing country since the country may not have a choice. Thus poor quality construction materials will be imported to the country. The exportation of poor quality goods is bound to bring problems to both parties involved. The country to which the goods are exported will indubitably face problems from the competition of products from local manufacturers with the imported products. The imported products are bound to decrease the demand for locally manufactured products since, with their poor quality, they will most probably be offered at low prices. The other problem will be the effec ts that these poor-quality products will have on the consumers. For instance, the stated case of a road built with poor-quality materials, the road will most probably get damaged quickly. This will lead to dissatisfaction of stakeholders in its country of domicile. The effect of this will be that the exporter who provided the goods and services to the country may be banned from transacting with the country. With the stated contemporary efforts y companies and countries to sustainably establish themselves in the international markets and with the contemporary consumers who value quality, such practices as the exportation of poor quality goods are bound to become the contemporary dinosaurs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consumers are increasingly fishing for goods from the international markets in order to get quality goods. It, therefore, follows that when the quality is co mpromised, they will have nothing to do with the company or country providing the goods and with time, the exporters of poor quality goods will have to produce and export quality products. Although there are a number of factors that make it hard to completely phase out the exportation of poor quality products, the practice will, undoubtedly, get extinct with time. This is due to the rising demand for quality goods and the increasing economic independence of developing countries. The countries that practice this unethical trade behavior should take responsibility and find better ways of reaching the poor markets in developing countries. This is because the poor quality goods that they export to such countries may have serious effects on their consumers. One of the approaches that such exporters may use is the production of quality goods in large quantities and meant for export to certain countries. They can then enter in agreements with such countries to ensure that they will sell in large quantities. This essay on Poor quality exports was written and submitted by user Brittany P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Discrete Trial Teaching Works in ABA

How Discrete Trial Teaching Works in ABA Discrete trial training, also known as massed trials, is the basic instructional technique of ABA or Applied Behavior Analysis. It is done one to one with individual students and sessions can last from a few minutes to a couple of hours a day. ABA is based on the pioneering work of B. F. Skinner and developed as an educational technique by O. Ivar Loovas. It has proven to be the most effective and only method of instructing children with autism recommended by the Surgeon General. Discrete trial training involves presenting a stimulus, asking for a response, and rewarding (reinforcing) a response, starting with an approximation of a correct response, and withdrawing prompts or support until the child can give the response correctly. Example Joseph is learning to recognize colors. The teacher/therapist puts three teddy bear counters on the table. The teacher says, Joey, touch the red bear. Joey touches the red bear. The teacher says, Good job, Joey! and tickles him (a reinforcer for Joey). This is a very simplified version of the process. Success requires several different components. Setting Discrete trial training is done one to one. In some ABA clinical settings, therapists sit in small therapy rooms or in carrels. In classrooms, it is often enough for the teacher to place the student across a table with his or her back to the classroom. This, of course, will depend on the student. Young children will need to be reinforced for merely sitting at the table learning to learn skills and the first academic task will be the behaviors that keep them at the table and help them focus, not only sitting but also imitating. (Do this. Now do this! Good job!) Reinforcement Reinforcement is anything that increases the likelihood a behavior will appear again. Reinforcement occurs across a continuum, from very basic, like preferred food to secondary reinforcement, reinforcement that is learned over time. Secondary reinforcement results as a child learns to associate positive outcomes with the teacher, with praise, or with tokens that will be rewarded after accumulating the target number. This should be the goal of any reinforcement plan, since typically developing children and adults often work hard and long for secondary reinforcement, like parental praise, a paycheck at the end of the month, the regard and esteem of peers or their community. A teacher needs to have a full quiver of edible, physical, sensory, and social reinforcers. The best and most powerful reinforcer is the teacher her or himself. When you dish out lots of reinforcement, lots of praise and perhaps a good measure of fun you will find you dont need a lot of rewards and prizes. Reinforcement also needs to be delivered randomly, widening the gap between each reinforcer in what is referred to as a variable schedule. Reinforcement delivered on a regular (say every third probe) is less likely to make the learned behavior permanent. Educational Tasks Successful discrete trial training is based on well designed, measurable IEP goals. Those goals will designate the number of successive successful trials, the correct response (name, indicate, point, etc.) and may, in the case of many children on the spectrum, have progressive benchmarks that go from simple to more complex responses. Example: When presented with pictures of farm animals in a field of four, Rodney will point to the correct animal requested by the teacher 18 out of 20 trials, for 3 consecutive probes. In discrete trial training, the teacher will present four pictures of farm animals and have Rodney point to one of the animals: Rodney, point to the pig. Good Job! Rodney, point to the cow. Good job! Massed or Interspersed Tasks Discrete trials training is also called massed trials, though this is actually a misnomer. Massed trials is when a large number of a single task are repeated in quick succession. In the example above, Rodney would just see pictures of farm animals. The teacher will do massed trials of a single task, and then start massed trials of a second set of tasks. The alternate form of discrete trial training is interspersal of tasks. The teacher or therapist brings several tasks to the table and asks the child to do them alternately. You might ask a child to point to the pig, and then ask the child to touch his nose. Tasks continue to be delivered quickly.

Classroom Testing Best Practices and Applications

Classroom Testing Best Practices and Applications In its simplest form, classroom assessment is about collecting data, looking for mastery of content, and guiding instruction. These things are more complex than they sound. Teachers will tell you that they are time- consuming, often monotonous, and seemingly neverending. All teachers are required to assess their students, but the good teachers understand that it is more than just assigning grades for a report card. True classroom assessment shapes the ebb and flows within a classroom. It drives daily instruction becoming the engine for not only what is taught, but how it should be taught. All teachers should be data-driven decision makers. Every individual assessment provides critical data that can potentially provide us with another piece of the puzzle to maximize a single student’s learning potential. Any time spent unwrapping this data will be a worthy investment to see a dramatic increase in student learning. Classroom assessment is not one of the glamorous aspects of being a teacher, but it may be the most important. To put it simply, it is hard to know how to get somewhere you have never been if you do not have a map or directions. Authentic classroom assessment can provide that roadmap, allowing every student to be successful. Utilize Standard Based Benchmark Assessments Every teacher is required to teach specific standards or content based on subjects taught and grade level. In the past, these standards have been developed by each state individually. However, with the development of the Common Core State Standards and the Next Generation Science Standards, many states will have shared standards for English Language Arts, Mathematics, and Science. Standards serve as a checklist for what is supposed to be taught throughout the school year. They do not dictate the order in which they are taught or how they are taught. Those are left up to the individual teacher. Utilizing a benchmark assessment based on standards provides teachers with a baseline for where students are individually as well as where the class is as a whole at selected checkpoints throughout the year. These checkpoints are typically at the beginning, middle, and end of the year. The assessments themselves should include at least two questions per standard. Teachers can build a solid benchmark assessment by looking at previously released test items, searching online, or creating aligned items themselves. After the initial assessment is given, teachers can break down the data in a variety of ways. They will get a quick idea of what each individual student knows coming into the year. They can also evaluate whole group data. For example, if 95% of the students get all the questions correct for a particular standard, the teacher should probably teach the concept early on in the year without spending an inordinate amount of time. However, if students perform poorly on a standard, the teacher should plan to devote a greater amount of time later on in the year. The middle of the year and end of the year assessments allow teachers to measure overall student growth and whole class understanding. It would be wise to spend more time re-teaching a standard in which a large portion of the class struggled with on an assessment. Teachers can also reevaluate their approach with individual students who are lagging behind possibly offering tutoring services or increased remediation time. Focus on Diagnostic Data There are lots of diagnostic programs available to assess individual student strengths and weaknesses quickly and accurately. Too often, teachers get caught up in the big picture that these assessments provide. Programs such as S.T.A.R Reading and S.T.A.R. Math provide grade-level equivalency for students. Many times teachers see that a student is at/above grade level or below grade level and stop there. Diagnostic assessments provide so much more data than grade level equivalency. They provide valuable data that allows teachers to quickly decipher individual student strengths and weaknesses. Teachers who only look at grade level miss the fact that two seventh grade students who test at the seventh-grade level may have holes in differing critical areas. The teacher may miss the opportunity to fill these gaps before they become a hindrance down the road. Provide Regular In-depth Feedback to Students Individualized learning starts by providing continuous feedback. This communication should occur daily in both written and verbal form. Students should be helped to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Teachers should utilize small group or individual meetings to work with students who are struggling with specific concepts. Small group instruction should occur every day and individual meetings should occur at least one time per week. Some type of feedback other than just a grade should be provided for every daily assignment, homework, quiz, and test. Simply grading a paper without reinforcing or re-teaching the incorrect concepts is a missed opportunity. Goal setting is another essential part of the teacher-student collaboration. Students should understand how the goals are tied to academic performance. Goals should be high, but attainable. The goals and progress towards them should be discussed regularly, and reevaluated and adjusted if necessary. Understand that Every Assessment is Valuable Every assessment provides a story. Teachers have to interpret that story and decide what they are going to do with the information that it provides. An assessment must drive instruction. Individual problems and/or whole assignments in which a majority of the class scores poorly should be re-taught. It is okay to throw out an assignment, re-teach the concepts, and give the assignment again. Every assignment should be scored because of every assignment matters. If it does not matter, do not waste the time to have your students do it.   Standardized testing is another notable assessment that can provide valuable feedback year over year. This is more beneficial to you as a teacher than it will be to your students because there is a chance you will not have the same group of students two years in a row. Standardized test results are tied to the standards. Evaluating how your students did on each standard allows you to make adjustments in your classroom.   Build On-Going Portfolios Portfolios are tremendous assessment tools. They provide teachers, students, and parents with an in-depth look into student progression over the course of an entire year. Portfolios naturally take time to build but can be relatively easy if a teacher makes it a regular part of the classroom and uses students to help keep up with them. A portfolio should be kept in a three-ring binder. Teachers can create a checklist and place them in front of each portfolio. The first part of each portfolio should include all diagnostic and benchmark assessments taken over the course of the year. The remainder of the portfolio should be made up of standard related assignments, quizzes, and exams. The portfolio should include at least two daily assignments and one exam/quiz for each standard. The portfolio would become an even more valuable assessment tool if students were required to write a quick reflection/summary for each associated standard. Portfolios are the purest form of assessment because they encompass pieces that add up to a whole.

Regional Politics (Africa, Middle East or East Asia) Essay

Regional Politics (Africa, Middle East or East Asia) - Essay Example In terms of attitude, consolidating democracy entails the majority believing in democratic procedures that they view as adequate to facilitate governance regardless of major economic issues. Further, the majority inclining to pro-democracy forces consolidates democracy in this sense because of minimal support for other systems of governances. Constitutionally, consolidating democracy involves a process whereby both governmental and anti-governmental forces, ascribe to specific laws or institutions established because of a new democratic process (Mottiar, 2002). On the other hand, a school of thought views democratic consolidation as vague, ethnocentric and teleological in terms of not offering a plausible mechanism of assessing the longevity of the democratization process. The proponents considering the process of consolidating democracy as being vague support their arguments by highlighting on the new democracies as a way of determining whether new democracies can maintain democracy in the form. Further, assessing new democracies assist to gain an understanding of the fallacy related to electroralism because a new democracy embraces an election process. Democracies exists that offer electoral democracy, but denies freedom or rights that accompany the principles of establishing democracies (Friedman, 2011). On another note, Mottiar (2002) states that, certain conditions needs to exist prior to acknowledging the consolidation of democracy. This involves conditions that facilitate the establishment of a free civil society where, autonomous groups or movements can articulate their values and develop associations to enhance their interests. Further, there is a need to promote a political society that is autonomous and ideal for political actors to embrace competition by following the legitimate process in pursuit of public power. The core institutions that need to be streamlined in this sense include the political parties, political leadership, electoral rules, int er-party alliances, legislature and elections. In addition, the dominant political actors within a state and including the government should adhere to the rule of law that purposely protects the freedom of individuals. This rule of law entails embracing constitutionalism as a way of promoting good governance from the state administration and the elected government. State bureaucracy also needs to be in place to achieve democratic consolidation since, state bureaucracy ensures that the citizen’s rights are protected and provided with the basic services. An institutionalized economy is also important for democratic consolidation in the sense that, institutionalized economy facilitates the enactment of policies and establishing institutions ideal for sustaining a mixed economy. As argued by Mottiar (2002), democratic consolidation cannot occur in an environment of commanding economies since, market autonomy and diversity in terms of ownership, is critical in establishing an inde pendent civil society. Conversely, democratic consolidation cannot thrive in an environment that embraces completely free market economy. This is because,

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Operations Management - Essay Example Honda Motor Company, Ltd. was initiated in 1948 with its head-office in Japan. Takanobu Ito currently serves as the president and chief executive officer (CEO) and the company enjoys a total of ?86 billion as its capital. The main products of the company are automobiles as well as motorcycles along with power products. The total amount of existing employees including its 378 international subsidiaries is 187094 (Honda Motor Co., Ltd, 2012). This Japanese multinational corporation is the producer of automobiles as well as motorcycles. The corporation was the first to provide a luxury brand of car namely Acura. The operations manager of the corporation is required to properly plan all the activities in order to make future decisions. The planning process needs to be properly organized to ensure proper delegation of the tasks that are intended to be performed. Discussion Supply chain of Honda The ultimate goal of Honda Motor Company is to boost up the sales by increasing the efficiency of the company in different sectors which are research and development (R&D) as well as manufacturing process. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the technique of enhancing the performance of companies. The process of SCM is known to facilitate the company in terms of performing all the activities effectively for manufacturing products which would be able to satisfy the demands of the customers. The inventory or resources of the company should be maintained in a successful manner. SCM is the method of coordinating the process of production, location, transportation as well as inventory to manufacture products which are to be offered in the market. Honda needs to formulate plans with regard to five different areas for increasing the effectiveness of its production process. The five areas which are to be improved are as follows (Stevenson, n.d.). Production The company needs to manufacture products in accordance with the need of the market and the products should be competent of satisfy ing the customers which would further help Honda to enhance its market share. The production process needs to be appropriately structured in order to enhance the capacity of the plant as well as control the quality of the products along with maintaining the equipments used in the production process (Stevenson, n.d.). Inventory The inventories or stocks of the company require being properly organized to sustain a proper and smooth flow of materials as well as reduce the cost of holding stocks. Therefore, it is required to formulate methods which will help in maintaining an optimal level of inventory (Stevenson, n.d.). Location The production plant or facility should be located in a place which would be deemed to be effective for carrying out the production process as well as storing inventory. Manufacturing of the products should be performed in an efficient manner and the inventory should be stored in a place which would be easier in terms of accessing the materials at the time of n eed in the production process (Stevenson, n.d.). Transportation The material or resources required for manufacturing products should be procured with the help of enhanced means of transportation. An appropriate form of transportation system should be used for procuring materials which would prove to be sufficient enough for the production process and prevent storing huge amount of stocks to minimize the storage expenses of the

School segregation Essay Example for Free

School segregation Essay As I walk through our schools and communit people living and socializing where they feel it is most affordable and comfortable. Individuals in society live to their own standards, producing their own living conditions. I was interested in writing about how the racial segregation came about in America at first. However, I noticed that the topic is too broad and after reading several articles regarding racial segregation in America, I noticed how interesting that this racial issue have caused an effect to the education system around the states. Schools around the United States are getting more and more heavily segregated by different races which could also cause an imbalance of income groups. For example, in New York City, we can see that the majority of the black people or minorities would prefer to live in areas such as Harlem or Brooklyn which relatively have a lower cost of living compared to Manhattan or downtown. Educational segregation was once widely viewed as a result of white racism. Roberts v. Boston was the first case to challenge segregation in public schools. In  this case, five-year-old Sarah Roberts was barred from her local primary school because she was black, and was forced to travel a great distance to get to school every morning. Her father sued the city of Boston to allow his daughter to attend a school in their neighborhood. The case was heard by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on Dec. 4, 1849. The following April, the court ruled that school segregation was constitutional. However, the fight to end public school segregation did not end there. This example shows that educational segregation had been  around for a long time and it is not getting any better. Besides that, it is known that public schools in one of the most racially diverse states in the country, New York are the most highly segregated, with minority and poor students increasingly isolated by race and class, according to a new report released by a civil rights policy group at the University of California, Los Angeles. The proportion of Latino and Asian students in the state of New York nearly doubled from 1989 to 2010, but their exposure to white students in public schools decreased during that time, the report said. And as minority student populations increased, the proportion of low-income students in those minority-majority public schools also rose, making the schools â€Å"severely segregated† in terms of both race and class, according to the report. This means that the children who most depend on the public schools for any chance in life are concentrated in schools struggling with all the dimensions of family and neighborhood poverty and isolation. Imagine how unfair the opportunities that these students could have gotten. Based on the Department of Education statistics looking at public  school enrollment in New York City within the past 20 years, it is found that while nearly 50 percent of public school students in New York state are considered low-income, black and Latino students tend to enroll at schools where about 70 percent of students are low-income, while white students attend schools where 30 percent of students are low-income. What’s more, the proportion of black students attending public schools considered â€Å"intensely segregated† which is define as having a student body that’s less than 10 percent white is on the rise. For example,  the country’s largest school system which is in New York City has 60 percent of the state’s black public school students attend school in the five boroughs, along with two-thirds of the state’s Asian and Latino students but only 10 percent of New York state’s white students. So, how did all this segregation came about? The changing demographics in the state paired with a lack of diversity-focused policies which include subpar transportation systems for students and restrictive admissions standards is one of the factor that caused the increasing segregation of public school students. Integration problems also started with parents choosing where to live. They are most definitely influenced by the perception that whites wont treat them equally, whether that perception is real or not, and whether its rooted in formal education or pop culture. Basically this residential segregation is defined as â€Å"the physical separation of cultural groups based on residence and housing,† which sorts different populations into their own sectors. The main â€Å"issue† of residential segregation is the wealthier white community not allowing blacks to move into their neighborhoods, which is  true in some atypical cases. However, it doesn’t make sense why anyone would want to live in a neighborhood where they feel threatened or unwelcome, pertaining to the minuscule amount of neighborhoods that still practice racism. Some real estate companies are assumed to sell certain properties to individuals based on race. Yet, this point is not valid. Buyers give real estate agents a budget for what they can afford and this is the factor that limits them to specific neighborhoods. Statistically, minorities’ average income is less than that of a white person. Most of  minorities such as Asian are still struggling to get a high paid job compared to the white people . Therefore, they can only afford certain size houses in particular neighborhoods. For example, in New York City, the Chinese people tend to live in Flushing and Chinatown where houses and the cost of living are relatively cheaper than other parts of the cities. In reality, people living where they can afford causes this so called residential segregation which then leads to our problem of discussion, the education segregation. I would like to research deeper on how racial inequality in America causes  education segregation in our society today and also why are people still stuck to this norm. I had read many interesting articles regarding education segregation which can further improve my knowledge on how economical imbalance can be connected to education segregation as well as residential segregation around the states. I will also get a better understanding on how education segregation causes inequality to the people and why is this issue still going on after so much efforts had been taken via the article â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal† by Jonathan Kozol. This racial segregation in education has to be solved efficiently really soon before it gets even worst. The United States of America is blessed with people from all over the world and is one of the richest country in terms of diversity and cultures. We should be grateful that America is able to bring together people of different races and therefore should try the best to promote equality among everyone and also prevent stereotyping. It is important that the government try to think of a more effective way for city planning, housing development, and even school district demographics to ensure that America’s education.

Racial Profiling: Driving While Black is a Real Offense in America Essa

â€Å"In recent years, scores of African Americans and Latinos, including prominent athletes, members of Congress, actors, lawyers, business leaders and even police officers, have experienced the humiliation of being stopped on the nation’s highways upon suspicion of a crime. Few white motorists can tell the same story.† (Bouie 2014). Most colored motorists have had this feeling at least once while driving. The article, "It's Been Proven: "Driving While Black" is a Real Thing" takes a look at incidents around the United States where the multitude of racial stops have been questioned. They explore three sides of the â€Å"driving while black† issue: whites who feel they have never experienced this or were let off for not being colored, blacks who feel they have been discriminated against, and cops defending the force and believing this does not happen. Many State Troopers were being investigated for a variety of discriminatory stops. An attorney, William Merton, has been a part of the investigation of the troopers and found some very interesting information. A man named John Mean was pulled over by the troopers, where he was driving the same speed as the cars around him and he was pulled over. He then was threatened, with the probability of a search warrant, to give up his privacy rights and be searched. His car was then searched and he was release with a warning, twenty-five minutes later. This incident, like many others, was not reported, which shows a suspicion in the data collected from the department (Bouie 2014). Through a debate with Christopher A. Darden, an Associate Professor of Law at Southwestern School of Law in Los Angeles and Byron Warnken, a Professor of Law at the University of Baltimore School of Law, they ex... ...tute. Web. 28 May 2015. http://www.policemisconduct.net/ Bouie, Jamelle. "It's Been Proven: "Driving While Black" is a Real Thing" The Daily Beast. Jan. 10 2014. Web. 1 June 2015. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/01/10/watch-out-driving-while-black-is-still-a-problem.html Martin, Rich. (2010). "Police Corruption" FBI Web. 23 May 2015. http://leb.fbi.gov/2011/may/police-corruption-an-analytical-look-into-police-ethics Harris, David A. ACLU. (1999). "DRIVING WHILE BLACK: RACIAL PROFILING ON OUR NATION'S HIGHWAYS" American Civil Liberties Union. Web. 18 May 2015. https://www.aclu.org/report/driving-while-black-racial-profiling-our-nations-highways Harris, D. (n.d.). Cost of Getting Stopped. THE STORIES, THE STATISTICS, AND THE LAW: WHY "DRIVING WHILE BLACK" MATTERS. Web. 30 May 2015. http://academic.udayton.edu/race/03justice/dwb02.htm

Singlehood, Hanging Out, Hooking Up, and Cohabitation

This chapter focuses on the aspects of singlehood and the â€Å"benefits† of it as well as the downs. The Primary advantages of singlehood are the freedom that is possessed and the control over their own life. Some of the social movements which promoted singlehood are: – The sexual revolution movement: involved openness about sexuality and permitted intercourse outside marriage. – The women’s movement: Emphasized equality in education, employment and income for women. – The gay liberation movement: Provided support for a lifestyle consistent with one’s sexual orientation. There are different types of singles in the US there is the Never married singles, Divorced singles, Widowed singles. Being single has some costs; individuals who are single are more likely to contract deceases or STIs. Women are also more likely to contract STIs from men, than men are from women. There are many ways to finding a partner such as, hanging out which is getting together, in groups, it might often be referred as â€Å"Testing the waters. † Another way is hooking up, in other words, casual sex, which has no emotion behind it and no plans of seeing each other again. There is also other ways to find a partner such as using the Internet or video chatting. One way that can also be helpful is speed dating which consists of having multiple dates at once in a couple of minutes. This procedure can be helpful because both women and men can meet and socialize multiple people in a certain amount of time instead of taking the whole evening just for one date. Dating after divorce could be a little challenging and cal also have a few problems; the way they date could be completely different than when they first did. They tend to use the Internet for new partners, there are fewer potential partners, and there is a higher change of them contracting STIs. There are different types of marriages around the globe for example the Chinese have this so called â€Å"Blind Marriages† where none the bride or broom groom aren’t allowed to see each other until the actual wedding. Cohabitation is living together before marriage. There is also different name for it such as, Duration of the relationship, Frequency of Overnight Visits, Emotional or Sexual Nature of the Relationship and Sex of the Partners. As well as there are different names of cohabitation there are also different types of it. – Here and now- Money Savers- Rebellious Cohabitates – Testers- Pension Partners- Marriage Never – Engaged- Security Blanket Cohabitates Cohabitating has its pros and cons some of the advantages of it are: Sense of well-being, Delayed marriage, Knowledge about self and partner, and Safety. The disadvantages are: Feeling used or tricked, Problems with parents, Economic disadvantages, Effects on children, and other issues. Common law marriage is when couples that wanted to be married did not have easy or convenient access to legal authorities. My personal Response I believe that everything that was presented in this chapter has very informative features and some or most people could relate to. Personally I don’t have a lot of experience in this field because I’m not at the level where I feel like I’m ready to move out and cohabitate. I know for a fact that some day it’ll happen and I might acquire some features that might not be so suitable, but by reading this chapter I have a broader understanding of what it takes, and the benefits that cohabitating brings and the disadvantages as well. I think that the ways of finding a partner are pretty interesting because even thought I’m not trying to look for a partner yet, it could relate to a whole lot of people like myself. Hanging out is a pretty common thing to do and everybody does it, for the sake of finding someone, to have that feeling that your not alone or just self-satisfaction. There are the times where casual sex is â€Å"available†, for the lack of a better word, and often times cannot be given up, I guess its overwhelming? Something that also called my attention was speed dating. I think that speed dating could be a fun and sociable event that might even change lives for the better of the worse. One more advantage that I would add to cohabitation, besides the book ones, would be that you can always count on that person that you choose to be there for you through the good and the bad, someone that you can talk to and ignore the physical attraction at times and exchange thoughtful words that could make the cohabitating experience better.

Program, curriculum development and instructional strategies Essay

I. Programs Bridges Learning System: This program uses five step processes involving submit, evaluate, outline, extend, success to develop the students aptitudes and talents that are very important in the classroom through evaluating test results and constructing a profile each student skills and abilities. By then, students’ necessities are known and a particular program will be developed for its learning exercises needs (Brock, 2003). Cognitively-Guided Instruction (CGI): This model is a product of research of students thinking that teachers able to restructure their knowledge and understanding to what the students need. This done through direct-modeling actions, reasoning to the problem, and moving to other strategies that are needed for the improvement of the students (Carpenter, 2003). Four Blocks Literacy: The four blocks represents four different approaches to directed comprehension, self-selected comprehension, inscription and working with terms. Through this students don’t just learn, at the same time they provided with the needed instruction according to the personality of the student. These blocks are multi-level depending on the performance and needs of the student (Cunningham, 1989). Spalding Method: This method is a total language arts approach in spelling, writing, listening and reading comprehensions. This approach is very effective to both regular and special education (Christie, 2000). II. Curriculum Development and Instructional Strategies. Cooperative Learning: Through optimistic interdependence, driven interaction, and personal responsibility, mutual efforts could be a useful tool to promote the groups’ objectives and success rather than viable and personal efforts (Stefl-Mabry & Powers, 2005). Direct Instruction: Learning is hastened up through comprehensive presentations, ruling out misconceptions, and assisting generalizations. Students are properly monitored to evaluate the performance, periodically assessed for perceptions and immediately corrected for their errors (Oregon, 2003). Mastery Learning: Learning is centered on the methods of mastering rather than the content but it works best with the conventional substance-centered curriculum through distinct objectives and varieties of instructional techniques and suitable series of results (University, 2004). Modeling Instruction: This method of instruction is done through creating scientific models and providing primary theoretical apparatus for modeling intended to appreciate the physical world and to familiarize and develop the students’ insights on how scientific knowledge fits with the real world (Wells & Hestenes, 2003). These programs, curriculum and instructional instructions are developed and evaluated by Arizona K-12 Center’s Technical Review Council and found to be effective in meeting the instructional and educational needs of diverse student population. References Brock, B. (2003). Bridges Learning Systems ® [Electronic Version]. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http://azk12. nau. edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/. Carpenter, T. (2003). Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) [Electronic Version]. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http://azk12. nau.edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/. Christie, B. (2000). Topic teamwork: A collaborative integrative model for increasing student-centered learning in grades K-12. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 71(8), 28-32. Cunningham, P. (1989). Four Blocks Literacy [Electronic Version]. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http://azk12. nau. edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/. Oregon, E. (2003). Direct Instruction [Electronic Version]. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http://azk12. nau. edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/. Stefl-Mabry, J. , & Powers, J. G. (2005). Collaborative, Problem-Based Learning: University and K-12 Partnerships. Knowledge Quest. ProQuest Education Journals, 33(4), 14-16. University, N. A. (2004). Instructional Strategies and Commercial Programs [Electronic Version]. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http://azk12. nau. edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/. Wells, M. , & Hestenes, M. (2003). Modeling Instruction [Electronic Version]. Retrieved October 6, 2007 from http://azk12. nau. edu/bestpractices/recognizedprograms/.

Custom essay writing service Essay Example

Custom essay writing service Essay Example Custom essay writing service Essay Custom essay writing service Essay Custom essay writing service is genre of writing where a company or an organization provides all the written work for people who hire them. These people who run custom essay writing service are professionals and they are trained. These people can write any type of writing style and they can create an essay on any given topic. The need of custom essay writing service is fairly observed nowadays. People who doesn’t excel in the art of writing and tend to make mistakes in their essays opt for the custom essay writing service. People who need essays written with a professional touch also contact these companies. Custom essay writing service is a smart move as well as it is widely available for ease and success. People who are unable to write their essays frequently go for custom essay writing service. It seen and observed that students who are beginners as well who are too lazy to do research on their own give their tasks to these companies. Custom essay writing service is a facility which analyzes, evaluate, summarize, research and create a written piece of assignment for you. There are too many companies like these in the market. Some of the companies are actually good or even some are not up to the mark. But the task of finding an authentic custom essay writing service is not easy, but this is your task. Whenever the question of the most authentic custom writing service pops in your head than you must choose paperap.com to fulfill your task. paperap.com is a custom essay writing service. We at paperap.com work 24/7 for your ease and success. With US working as your writing friends you’ll get best results ever. Our trained writers are trained in any type of writing namely as essays, analytical papers, researched papers, annual reports etc. Our strategy is precise; we at paperap.com write according to your needs and demands. We in collaboration with you tend to produce a master piece which will suit your personality. We work parallel to your needs and demands. You are only advised to hire US and inform us about the topic and we’ll write for you excellently and make your success evident.

Definition of Japanese Hontou, or Really

Definition of Japanese Hontou, or Really Those of us for whom English is our first language might not realize how much we use the word really in everyday conversations. Often, someone will tell us a startling fact or make a somewhat surprising statement and the natural response is, Really? There are many ways to say the word really for speakers of Japanese. One of the most common ways is  hontou. Writing and Saying Hontou Japanese Characters: æÅ" ¬Ã¥ ½â€œÃ£â‚¬â€š (㠁 »Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¨Ã£ â€ Ã£â‚¬â€š)Pronunciation of Hontou. Other Ways to Say Really? hontou ni: Really, however, there is a stronger emphasis on the ni so it tends to be a stronger version of the word in verbal and written form. Examples of really in a Japanese formal conversation are: Hontou ni hajimete desu ka? (Is it really your first time?); Hontou ni yoku nite iru! (She’s really like you!); Hontou ni sono saabisu wa tadadesuka? (So is your service really free?).hontou desu ka: Are you sure? can be used in  place of hontou in formal situations.  Hontou desu ka allows you to express more doubt when saying really? in Japanese.sou desu ka: Is that so? or Are you sure?hontoudesu: It is true, or It is a fact.honki: Really. Hon means true, and ki means spirit or state of being. Example: Honki desu ka? (Are you serious?) Resources and Further Reading â€Å"Hontou?† Nihongo De Care-Navi, Japan Foundation Japanese-Language Institute, 2019.â€Å"Question to Teacher: HONTOU versus HONTOUNI.† Japanese From Zero, Yes Japan, 17 July 2009.

Economy of Tunisia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economy of Tunisia - Research Paper Example This saw the unemployment rate drop from 18.9 per cent mark to 16.7 per cent in 2012. The biggest contributors of this growth were the growth of the tourism industry and the mining industry that were heavily affected in 2011. The increased consumption that the country had been experiencing in 2011 from large public expenditures on wages and social programs significantly reduced in the subsequent year. The economy of Tunisia is largely depended on oil, phosphate mining, agri-business, manufacturing of car parts the vibrant tourism sector. In 2011, the country was going through a rough time due to political uncertainty and instability of Libya, and the ever persistent social tensions that were combined with a weak performance of the Euro in the Eurozone. These major factors have been a reason for the slow recovery of the economy (Stampini, and Verdier-Chouchane 2). In 2012, the government of Tunisia wanted to boost the economic recovery by easing the social tensions and trying to impro ve on both its expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. This however did not happen, as only a percentage of what was an ambitious fiscal stimulus package approved in the supplementary budget of 2012 was executed. The actual budgeted expenditures were converted into consumption from their initial investment allocation (Stampini, and Verdier-Chouchane 3). Inflation in the country had a steady rise to 5.9 per cent mark in late 2012, compared to 4.2 per cent the previous year. This was characterized by increased food prices and the general cost of living to the people. Due to the increase in the public discontent because of increased general cost of living, Central Bank of Tunisia tightened the country’s monetary stance in the mid months of the year 2012 to revert the expansionary monetary policy (The World Bank n.p.). Despite the challenges faced by the economy, the economy of Tunisia is ranked at first position in Africa and at the 36th position in global rankings ahead of P ortugal, ranked at 43, Italy, ranked at 49, and Greece at 67 due to its economic competitiveness. Taxes and Debt of Tunisia Tunisia has a high public debt that some analysts consider that it should consider demanding for a reschedule, suspension or even cancellation of the public debt. In the year 2012, the country’s current account deficit widened and hit an 8.1 per cent of the country’s total Gross Domestic Product, financed by Foreign Domestic Income and the external financiers pumped huge inflows of external official financing into the economy. Currently, the public debt stands at 14.4 billion dollars, meaning that the range of the external debt to the GDP is just a little below 50%. Although this is a high rate of the debt, it is yet to reach the untenable range of 60% of the GDP, while the government deficit exceeds 3.0%. The country is yet to reach the threshold where most of the under developed and developing countries are, of an exorbitant debt. Some economist s argue that the debt should be cancelled, on grounds it is an odious and illegal debt that arose from the interests of the ousted president and his relatives, yet the Tunisian people did not see any of it (Tunisia: 2012 Article Iv Consultation 135-149). These issues have been forwarded to the International Crisis group, that has been mandated with the task of determining what the real debt of the country is and what was

HIS 342 question set 3 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HIS 342 question set 3 - Research Proposal Example Left with this dilemma, the masses opted for an authoritarian stagnation that seems so tenacious and powerful because of the domination of the terrorist elements over the scope for any revolution or an alternative arrangement. The 1956 Suez Crisis was an important event in the Cold War era that revealed the chinks in the allied solidarity. The genesis of this crisis lied in the French and the British dominion over one of the world's most important and lucrative sea route that is the Suez Canal that happened to pass through the Egyptian territory (Trueman, 2008). The nationalization of this canal by Nasser in 1956 immensely innervated the British and the French. The US disapproval of the British and the French invasion of Egypt greatly benefitted the USSR, who got access to the much coveted alternative sea route besides the Bosporus that was closely monitored by the allies' intelligence. The other major gainer in this crisis was Israel who crossed over the Gaza Strip and Sinai Desert and gained access to the Straits of Tiran. After the withdrawal of the Super Power sponsors owing to the end of the Cold War and the dilution of the Arab-Israel conflict, it became imperative for the military regimes in the Middle East to chalk out policies that bolstered the cohesion amongst the various constituent elements of the state. The main crux of such policies lied in securing an alliance between the political and economic centres of power (Glenn, 1998). This included an outright domination over the political power through multiple security apparatuses and over the economic power through securing alliances with the local, elitist vested interests. This gave an opportunity to the other totalitarian regimes in the region like Iran and Saudi Arabia to tighten their grip over power by professing themselves to be the custodians of Islamic values in the region. Effect of Oil The discovery of oil in the Middle East changed many countries from being pauper states relying on the international aid for sustenance to being oil rich regimes (Britannica). This assured the countries lying in this region, an uninterrupted access to immense wealth on a continuous basis. The new found oil wealth unleashed an unprecedented and enormous expansion of health facilities, employment opportunities and government services. The quality of life of the people certainly improved with a better access to housing owing to a boom in the construction projects. At a political level, this enhanced the status and clout of these regimes in the international arena. However, this improvement in the economic standards and quality of life failed to accomplish a commensurate revolution in the social and cultural parameters like the women rights and democratic values. Besides, the oil wealth left the totalitarian and military regimes in the region with more then ample resources to tighten th eir

Methodology Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Methodology - Dissertation Example I will use the gatekeeping theory from mass communication in this dissertation. The news, articles and editorials published during the period of February 14 till March 16, 2011 in the above two Saudi news papers will be searched out, read and analyzed to see how the Bahrain news was handled by the Saudi press. Thorough interviews will be conducted with the news handlers at each of the newspapers, with pertinent questions including the criteria for selecting the news, the sources from which they collect it, what kind of news they prefer to publish and whether or not the selection criteria have changed over the years.It will be important to establish whether outside influences, such as the government, alter the decision of whether or not to publish certain news items such as the Bahrain protest. These two newspapers will be compared against each other, making it easier to establish how appropriate the reported news is. All of the contents in the selected newspapers will be compared wit h those of the print media, electronic media or both. This process will help in checking the relevance of the news media in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, both of the newspapers’ operations will be investigated from the starting point to the finished product, as it is important to know exactly what happens to the raw data obtained by the news gatherers before it is finally published as a piece of information for readers. These observations will focus on each procedure undertaken in order to modify the news, from identifying the original source from which the news was obtained to how the news is presented to its readers. Finally, the factors that influence whether a piece of news is published or not must be highlighted. Working through this methodology will make it easier to see how the news is shaped in Saudi Arabia, and whether any fabrication exists. It will also provide insights into whether the news selection criteria has changed over the years, and if being a Muslim country changes the views of those responsible for selecting news and presenting it to readers. In addition, the problematic areas will be highlighted to enable the presentation of suitable and practical solutions. It will be important to identify the kinds of problems that can be addressed, and those that cannot be eradicated from the news selection procedure. In short, two research methodologies will be used in the study namely, interviews with the Saudi media journalists and the content analysis of the Saudi press that will include Alriyadh and Alyoum newspapers. Moreover, the theory of gatekeeping will be adopted as an analytical approach to study this process. 1.1. Interview Procedure Questions were developed in order to acquire a critical analysis, from the participants, of the coverage of the Bahrain events by the Saudi press. The questions were formulated with the objective to draw on the participants’ observation of the major Saudi institutions from politics, police, militar y and press. The important questions to be asked in the interview are provided below: 1. Please, rate the job done by the Saudi Press in covering the Bahraini events, particularly at the time of occurrence of the conflict? (Please select only one): (a) Excellent ---------( ) (b) Good ------------- ( ) (c) Fair --------------- ( ) (d) Not good ---------( ) 2. Please, justify your above selection: 3. Which media in Saudi

What Are The Effects Of Child Labour Young People Essay

What Are The Effects Of Child Labour Young People Essay Child labour is the working of children of ages under 18 years old for number of hours that contrast their body growth and affects their health badly. This research is studying the affects of child labour on development of countries and trying to prove that the child labour is cause of delaying of some countries due to its effects on education. To prove that an interviews with labour childrens and their families have been made. More over a lot of statistics have been gathered by me of child labour in several countries from uniceff and international labour organization in addition to world health organization .the results which have been indicated is that most of the child labour found around the world is in the developing countries because children leave schools to work so in the future they become untrained adult can work. i-Introduction Child labour is the working of young children under the age of 18 years old for large number of hours and in unsuitable jobs .It was noted that The Child labour it is the work of children in un suitable ages for unsuitable work hours or under unhealthy conditions and under certain circumstances that contrast with their body growth and their education and also their ability for creations (February 2, 1992, The Child Labour Situation) . also it was conducted that child labour is breaking of human rights which obstacle there psychological life and their physical activities (international labour organization ). Further more the child labour is mainly found in the developing countries and in Africa and Asia . some statistics The high percentage of child labor occurs mainly in mali with percentage of 54.5 Burkina Fasowith 51 percent, Niger and Uganda with 45 percent and Kenya with 4L3 percent, the report said.Bangladesh had 30.1 percent, Nigeria 25.8 Haiti 25, Turkey 24, Ivory Coast 20.5, Pakistan 17.7 percent, Brazil 16.1 , India 14.4. China U.6, and Egypt 11.2 percent. (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND PEACE. 1997). After all of that the aim of my study is to show the bad effects of child labour .moreover if the child labour has effects on developing countries in delay in development. ii-Literature review a-The meaning of child labour It was noted that The Child labour is the work of children at unsuitable ages for unsuitable work hours or under unhealthy conditions and under certain circumstances that contrast with their body growth and their education .also their ability for creations (February 2, 1992, The Child Labour Situation) . moreover it was conducted that child labour is the breaking of human rights which obstacle there psychological life and their physical activities (international labour organization ).in addition to that there is a positive meaning of child labour i.e. the children can work with their parents in home ,help in family work or get their pocket money from working in the weekends and in the summer vacations (international labour organization ). b-Causes of child labour : there are many causes of child labour the main cause for it is poverty of the families . The international labour organization noted that the poverty of the families is the main cause of child labour because the children have tow work to get money which help in keeping their life and the life of their families . in addition to that the families are not capable to pays funds of the schools . also the children who are living in slums and villages which dont have any educational facilities so they work .more over the work market are demanding more children to worm because they take low salaries and they are less trouble maker than adults for the employer . furthermore it was noted that The children works due to the poverty of their families so they need income to overcome the challenges of the life as a result they need to send their children to the work to get them money. In the other hand they cant send them to the working fields that give high wages as exportation because of restrict ing laws so they must send them to works of low wages as agriculture or servings fields. They have to work more hours to increase their income even if some of their brothers or sisters in school their parents get them out and send them to work field( number cruncher Putting children to work,By Stephen Nickell,september 2009  · prospect  · 15). In the other hand not all the causes are economic causes some of the are from family where children work with their families in farms , shops and different hand made industries said international labour organization . c-The causes of expansion of child labour The child labour spreads due to the increase in the number of the part time job with low wages and due to the simplicity of this jobs the child labour market increases . cited in (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND PEACE, 1997,GLOBAL CHILD LABOUR , Robert Evans, Reuters) . Also the large percent of divorce increases the child labour because children have to work to provides their life needs . d-Bad effects of child labour on children 1-Effects of child labour on children health The world health organization noted that the working of children in some fields are very dangerous to childrens health such as agriculture . The working of the children in the fields are very harmful because they maybe exposed to insecticides .More over they use very dangerous tools such as knives and machines . Further more they are to snakes bites , bilharithia and carrying heavy loads . The children working dont have information about how to use these machines or these tools so they can easily get hurt . Also girls are more exposed to injuries and health affections where they work at younger ages and for more hours as they work outside home and they have to work in homes too so they work for more hours . INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND PEACE noted that the number of boys in the age between 10-14 is 41 million which is more than the number of girls who worked but the survey said that the girls were left at home for taking care of home and cooking and those of them who work then return and make house work so they are considered to be working more boys 2-Effects of child labour on children future and education It was noted that lately the child labour has been paid more attention specially in developing countries in which most of child labour occurs specially in countryside . further more they have noticed that child labour has many bad effects on children like reducing attendance in school . The result of child labour is that it reduces the presence in school by 46 percent and 21 percent in learning and understanding the Sciences and increasing the ability of children twice to work and moreover it affects the child health later cited in Case study integrated that In an investigation in Ghana they have discovered that due to child labour the attendance in school decreases and there is a direct proportion between child labour and the attendance in school also the ability of children to read decreases as the hours of work increases therefore there is negative proportion between child labour and education(Why Should We Care About Child Labour ?The Education, Labor Market, and Health,Consequences of Child Labor,Kathleen Beegle,Rajeev Dehejia,Roberta Gatti) The child who works today will be tomorrow un responsible adult who is un educated and not trained said ILO Director-General Michel e-Statistics of child labour in different countries International organization labour noted that 73milion children around the world from the age of 14 to 13 works two thirds of the 73 million were in Asia and 24 million were in Africa The child labour also occurs in the developed countries as united states and Britain as well as countries in south Europe It was indicated that The high percentage of child labour occurs mainly in mali with percentage of 54.5 Burkina Faso with 51 percent, Niger and Uganda with 45 percent and Kenya with 4L3 percent, the report said. Bangladesh had 30.1 percent, Nigeria 25.8, Haiti 25, Turkey 24, Ivory Coast 20.5, Pakistan 17.7 percent, Brazil 16.1 , India 14.4. China U.6, and Egypt 11.2 percent. Asia had the greatest number in the age group, with 44. 6 million or 13 percent of the total, hut Africa had the highest proportion with 26.3 percent or 23.6 million children working. Latin America lagged well behind, with 5.1 million or 9.8 percent of the group. Cited in (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND PEACE. 1997,GLOBAL CHILD LABOuR,Robert Evans, Reuters)   Ã‚  One in six children in developing countries are engaged in child labour    Children aged 5-14 engaged in child labour (%), by region (1999-2008) Boys are more likely to engage in child labour Children aged 5-14 engaged in child labour (%), by gender (1999-2008)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Child labour is most prevalent in Africa    Percentage of children aged 5-14 years engaged in child labour (2003-2008) Graphs and statistics are cited in child info with sponsored by uniceff iii-Methodology An example of the child labour I choose Ahmed who is 14 years old working at a small shop ironing and dry cleaning, in the midst of hard work already. After making interview with Ahmed i know that his family consist of 5 brothers and sisters he is the middle one. his father make him work to help him overcoming the life needs . Ahmed said that i wake every day at 7:00 oclock and ran to the shop to help my boss in ironing the customers clothes and when it is after noon i went to the customers delivering to the clothes and getting others to start ironing them and give back to the customer at night . more over i make an interview with the cause his father and with owner of the shop who permits this work . by interviewing Mr Kmal who Told me that Ahmed who works for 12 hours a day in this small age is that he now can turn on dry cleaning machine at his own without the help of know one . moreover he can iron alot of clothing in short time . by asking Ahmeds father he said that i think tha t the working of children is more greater benefit than education and Ahmed can get his own pocket money without education. more over he said that even his older brother who has been educated till thanwya ama did not working while Ahmed did. further more after getting statistics from uniceff and international labour organization I realized that that there were some 2.7 million working children aged between six and fourteen (noted in international labour organization) . i use all of this interviews and statistics to prove that the child labour is 1 of the cause of not developing our countries . iv-Reference page Goodyear, Rosemary .(2006) overworked children? , New Zealand Journal of History ,Vol. 40 Issue 1, p75-90, 16p, 1http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4hid=12sid=57000ce9-d687-48e9-84ca-10dc8fe7db23%40sessionmgr11bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=hlhAN=21083652 Nickell, Stephen.(sep2009) Putting  children  to  work, Economist and the Warden of Nuffield College, Oxford ,  Issue 162, p15-15, 1/3p http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=6hid=119sid=57000ce9-d687-48e9-84ca-10dc8fe7db23%40sessionmgr11bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=hlhAN=44959548 Evans, Robert.( 1997), International Journal of Humanities Peace , GLOBAL  CHILD  LABOR ,Vol. 13 Issue 1, p86-86, 1p http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=9hid=9sid=57000ce9-d687-48e9-84ca-10dc8fe7db23%40sessionmgr11bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=hlhAN=18773100 International labour organization About child labour http://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/langen/ http://www.ilo.org/global/What_we_do/InternationalLabourStandards/Subjects/Childlabour/langen/index.htm Child Labour and IPEC: An overview,international labour organization http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/manila/ipec/about/overview.hth World health organization,hazardous child labour http://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/childlabour/en/ http://www.childinfo.org/labour.html

Plato’s Concept of the Soul and its Relationship with the Body Essay ex

Plato’s Concept of the Soul and its Relationship with the Body Plato’s theory of the body and soul originated from his earlier theories and dialogs, ‘the analogy of the cave’ and ‘the theory of forms’. Plato believed that the soul is immortal. That the soul existed before it came to the physical body, and it is still there when the body dies. This is a dualistic interpretation of the mind/body problem. Plato linked the soul to a charioteer in charge of two horses, the mind and the body, which are pulling in completely opposite directions. The soul wanting to go back to the world of the forms and the body wanting to enjoy the five sense plus pleasure. In Plato’s words - the body is the source of endless trouble†¦it fills us full of love and lust and fear and fancies of all kinds†¦and takes us away from all power of thinking at all. Therefore emphasised that the philosophers must live simply and avoid sensual pleasure so as to focus the mind on the soul and gain its knowledge. The analogy of the cave relates to the...

Macchiavellian theories in “King Lear” Essay

William Shakespeare’s â€Å"King Lear† has within it many Machiavellian theories. This is evident once we examine the characters of Edmund, Goneril, and Regan. The Machiavellian principles relating to politics, ethics, and virtue are exemplified throughout â€Å"King Lear† play by these three characters. Machiavellian politics deal with acquiring power and forming very strong governments. For Machiavelli, power meant politics. Ethics can be best described as a branch of knowledge concerned with moral principles. The Theme of morality and ethics keeps evolving throughout â€Å"King Lear† and is demonstrated by these three characters. Virtue is the final principle highlighted by this Shakespeare play. By examining each of the three characters in more depth, we can better understand how Machiavellian theories apply to the play â€Å"King Lear† Edmund is the most Machiavellian character in â€Å"King Lear† for many reasons. Edmund was born as illegitimated son of Gloucester. He had elder brother named Edgar who was legitimated son of Gloucester and beloved suitable heir. Edmund shows his avarice, greed, and envy towards Edger. Edmund states soliloquy â€Å"Thou, Nature, art my goddess; to thy law, †¦ now, gods, stand up for bastards.†(I, ii, 1-22) This shows that he blame the nature that he never meant to born as an illegitimated, such as bastard son. He also decides that as concern everything think as a bastard, he will act as a bastard, the way of being Machiavellian as manipulating and taking advantage of others. Especially from the part of soliloquy, â€Å"legitimate Edgar, I must have your land.† (I, ii, 16) He is showing his jealousy towards Edgar, and all that he has. Back in Shakespeare’s time, land ownership was a form of wealth. Wealth equaled political power. Acquiring political p ower is a Machiavellian trait. Edmund also criticized his father for being too superstitious and gullible in nature. He ridiculed his father, Gloucester for his beliefs and he thought he was morally superior to him. Edmund exploited his father’s good nature by enraging with Edgar’s false letter against his father. In a deceptive manner, Edmund, quite simply acted phony to Edgar. He tries to cover Edger, however deceiving both ends of his mouth between Gloucester and Edgar. Edmund acted in a two faced manner and this is true to the Machiavellian way  of doing things. There is one more example of Edmund’s Machiavellian behavior. In Act III, we are exposed to Edmund’s treacherous tendency against his own father. Edmund states, â€Å"The younger rise when the old doth fall†(III, iii, 26) it is clear that Edmund wished to take over and assume power over his father’s domain. Edmund is seeking power that Macchivelli often wrote about. The greed in acquiring power is all right if the end justifies the means. In Act V, Edger, Edmund’s brother, also a victim of Edmund’s Machiavellian tendencies revenge on Edmund and murdered him. Along with Edmund, Goneril is also another character in the play, which exemplifies immoral and unvirtuous behavior. Goneril used flattery to get on the good side of her father. â€Å"Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter, †¦ Beyond all manner of so much I love you.†(I, i, 57-64) She wanted to inherit her father’s kingdom. Goneril had an ulterior motive for acting this way to achieve any greedy goal. After she took advantage of her old father, she kicked her father out from her castle. This shows how she unvirtuous Machiavellian treatment to her father. There is the second example of Goneril’s deceiving ways. Goneril cheated on her husband Albany. This is undoubtedly Machiavellian trait. Albany even detected Goneril’s conniving deceptive behavior. He states † You are not worth the dust which the rude wind blows in your face.†(IV, ii, 30-31) Furthermore for Goneril’s love of Edmund, she poisoned her own sister, Regan to eliminate from him. At the end of the play, these Machiavellian traits and characteristics brought her to this point of self-destruction and suicide. Regan is the next character who also showed Machiavellian behavior in her personality. She flattered her father just like Goneril did. â€Å"I am made of that self mettle as my sisters, †¦ In your Highness love†(I, i, 71-79) She had an ulterior motive to in praising and flattering her father. Like her deceptive sister Goneril, Regan wanted the wealth and kingdom. It was more than she deserved. Regan cooperated thoroughly with Goneril to mistreat her  father with disrespect. Regan defends her sister’s poor treatment of her father to her father and informs her father that he is old and should be rule by others. She mentioned to him that return to Goneril and beg her Forgiveness. â€Å"O, sir, you are old, †¦ Say you have wronged her.†(II, iv, 145-151) This behavior is Machiavellian in nature, because it is immoral and unvirtuous. Regan also cheated on her husband, Cornwall. She loved Edmund as her sister Goneril did. She informed her sister that she wou ld merry Edmund as soon as her husband died, however Regan was poisoned by Goneril. This shows that how the last become to the Machiavellian who looks for their own profit, and their Machiavellian personalities bring themselves into their own grave. It is clearly evident that the Machiavellian themes are prevalent by the words and actions of Edmund, Goneril, and Regan. The theory of acquiring power, ethics, morality, and virtue that Macchiavelli wrote about is a common theme in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"King Lear†. The three characters previously mentioned are all looking out for their own self-interest. They will do anything to achieve their greedy and selfish goals. Perhaps it is truly ironic that the play does not have happy ending. Much can be learned by examining Machiavellian principals and theories as they pertain to â€Å"King Lear†.

Role of Financial Institutions in the Global Economy

Globalization has sparked a revolution in information and communication technology, resulting in the emergence of an era that boasts the arrival of new levels of global interconnectedness. As a result, globalization has also increased the significance of the many different roles that financial institutions play in the overall global economy. Financial institutions can play several roles, ranging from operating as a simple method of savings, to functioning as an important revitalization source in a low-income community. This paper will explain the general role of financial institutions in the global economy, will touch on more significant individual roles, and discuss the overall role of international financial institutions. Research indicates that a financial institutions' role as an intermediary is clearest in the credit and deposit business (Krayer, 2002). The usual function involves clients bringing to the bank their savings, or money which the bank transfers to its credit clients in the form of loans. In the loan instance, a borrower's credit rating may change during the life of a loan, thereby changing the value of the loan at that point in time, which reflects the interest and amortization payments expected in the future (Krayer, 2002). In some cases, credits may even become entirely worthless if borrowers become insolvent and bankrupt (Krayer, 2002). Another function which banks perform within an economy is rating and selecting the loans they finance. Through their activities as an agent, another essential function performed by banks is to reduce risks overall (Krayer, 2002). In this way, the general role of banks is to undertake and provide specific products or services. Financial institutions also play an additional role within an economy by granting loans, processing payments, accepting deposits, and carrying out investments. Through these activities, banks create added value for their clients, employees, service providers and shareholders. As a result, there is a significant amount of potential damage were a bank to collapse. Thus, the economic benefits generated by a bank are basically no different from the economic benefits generated by a doctor, teacher or train driver: by exercising, to the best of their knowledge and abilities, their specialist function in competition with others, companies and their employees make their contribution to economic benefit (Krayer, 2002). Research indicates that bankers act responsibly when they ensure that their house is in order and resist the temptation to pass off poor financial performance as a contribution to the economy (Krayer, 2002). Larger financial institutions play an additional role than just that of providing typical banking services. Financial institutions can form the core of economic development in a low-income community. For example, the World Bank's focus is on project lending and structural reforms that enhance long-run development and poverty alleviation (Stiglitz, 1998). The role of the World Bank in the global economy is to address pressing issues such as weak financial sectors, lack of transparency and poor governance in the corporate sectors, and weaknesses in external liability management will help restore confidence among foreign and domestic investors (Stiglitz, 1998). In this way, the World Bank acts to reactivate poor economies and thus to protect and extend social and economic achievements. In poorer countries, the World Bank appears to operate in coordination with the government as it steps in and fills the income-security gap that is left by companies closing and workers losing their jobs. Over the longer term, the World Bank will be working with countries to help them design modern, durable social safety nets that complement their other structural reforms (Stiglitz, 1998). Finally, as illustrated above, the role of financial institutions is very diverse, as communities depend on them for basic transactions such as savings and loans. In the larger view, however, banks operate as the financial support of an economy, the stabilization of which the community depends on.

Holiday In Portugal essays

Holiday In Portugal essays Pleasant Holiday Experiences On Costa Do Estoril And Beyond Portugal's Costa Do Estoril enjoys a delightful south-facing perspective. It starts at Carcavelos, 15 kilometres from Lisbon, and stretches for a distance of 20 kilometres westwards along the Atlantic seaboard to Guincho. It portrays a delightful blend between the charm of the land and the fascinating exquisiteness of the sea. Using the internationally known resort of Estoril as a base, my wife and I had the pleasure of experiencing the region and some of its peripheries during a 2001 visit. We found Estoril to be a pleasing, safe and unspoilt smallish seaside town where natural beauty and individual architecture blends with the surroundings. It has a pleasantly warm climate with an ever-present gentle breeze. Estoril has played its part in history making. It was a favourite haven of kings and aristocrats who retreated to exile following many of the tumultuous events of the 20th century and, a centre of international espionage and secret diplomacy during World War 11. The legacy that remains is one of sophistication and cosmopolitanism. Today Estoril is better known for its magnificent casino. A delightful park, edged by tall, tropical palm trees, fronts the attractive building which forms the centrepiece of the resort. A visit to the multifaceted entertainment centre is recommended. Close-by is the famous Tamariz Beach. The combination of a vast, shimmering sunlit bay, people of all ages and colour relaxing on the sand, and a promenade hiving with happy, smiling strollers creates a lasting impression. A four-minute train ride, or thirty minutes on Shank's mare via a promenade, takes one from Estoril to picturesque Cascais. It has much to offer in the way of forts, castles, swimming, sailing, eating out, shopping and scenery. Well worth a visit or two! Lisbon is a mere 25 kilometres from Estoril. The breathtaking architectural treasures and deep-seated seaf ...